摘要謝赫六法中的「傳移模寫」指出摹仿描繪古代大師的作品，是中國古代畫家養成訓練的方式之一；元代的趙孟頫則更進一步奠定後世之文人畫的兩大基本法則：書法與臨摹古人畫；至明末的董其昌，則重新樹立文人畫家仿古的原則，他提倡集古人各家之「大成」，將書法應用到繪畫上。董其昌對中國繪畫影響有褒有貶，他以「南北宗論」為理論依據；「仿」-創造性的轉換，為行動綱領，結合他在社會上的崇高地位，領導了整個畫壇的超越行動。他的超越行動，雖然後繼的「正統派」畫家受限於政治現實，由「仿古」走向「泥古」；卻在「獨創主義」畫家中發光發熱，由石濤、八大、揚州畫派、海派一脈相承，形成了另一個波濤壯闊年代。高居翰教授指出：「有關『仿』的討論，我們歷來過度地在理論的層面上鑽研，而對於其如何在具體畫作中運作的暸解，則乃嫌不足。」本論文嘗試在前人的研究基礎下，以「仿」的理論為基礎，佐以「仿」在具體畫作中的運用情形，試圖揭開董其昌繪畫藝術中「仿」的神秘面紗。 AbstractXie-He?s Six Skills included “copy and imitation” and pointed out that one of the training methods to raise painters in the ancient China was to copy and imitate the masterpieces by ancient masters. In Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Meng-fu further established the two main basic methods of literati paintings in later generations, namely, calligraphy and imitation. Dong Qi-Chang of late Ming Dynasty re-established the method of imitating ancient paintings and advocated the integration of the culmination of the ancient masters as well as the application of calligraphy in paintings.Dong?s impact to Chinese painting has been favored by some and disagreed by others. Based on the theory of “the southern and northern schools” and the action principle of “imitation”, that is, creative transformation, and combined with his high social position, he led the transcendence of the whole painting generation. This transcendence gradually changed from “creatively transforming the ancient” into “strictly confined by the ancient” due to the political reality the succeeding orthodox painters faced. However, it prospered in the “originalist” painters and formed a grandiose period with the line of Shi Tao, Ba Da, Yang-Zhou School and Shanghai School.Professor James Cahill mentioned that, “regarding the discussion of ?imitation?, it had been excessively focused on theoretical aspects, whilst there still lacks the understanding of how it is applied in the actual paintings.” This thesis aims to unveil the secrets of “imitation” in Dong?s artistry based on previous studies, the “imitation” theories and how “imitation” is applied in actual paintings.
