公權力運用科技定位措施追蹤監視與基本人權保障之研究

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題名:	公權力運用科技定位措施追蹤監視與基本人權保障之研究
其他題名:	A Study on Public Authorities Locating Individuals Tracking Technology and Protection of Human Rights
作者:	黃清德 Huang, Ching-Teh
貢獻者:	黃啟禎東海大學法律學系
關鍵詞:	資訊自決權;資訊隱私權;隱私權;人性尊嚴;個人資料 Information Self-Determination;the Right of Information Privacy;the Right of Privacy;Human Dignity;personenbezogener Daten
日期:	2010
上傳時間:	2011-10-12T17:06:02Z (UTC)
摘要:	本論文探討公權力運用科技定位措施，對人民進行追蹤監視，人民在公權力監控下，基本權受到嚴重的影響，以及其相關的議題，全文約二十四萬字，計分為九章，分別情形如下：第一章緒論，說明本論文研究動機與目的，以及研究方法與研究限制，並就研究範圍與研究架構簡要闡述。第二章探討個人資料保護的國際發展趨勢。首先說明聯合國公約、經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)準則、亞太經濟合作會議(APEC)保護綱領、歐盟指令、歐洲議會等國際法層次的個人資料與隱私權保障相關規定；其次探究列屬個人資料與隱私權保護法制先進的美國、德國，對於個人資料保護與隱私保護的概況，據以了解國際上個人資料與隱私保護的概況與發展趨勢，並與我國法制以及實務現況加以比較，思考我國有何不足需要改進之處。第三章說明傳統基本權干預的概念與當代干預概念演變與差異，接著就本文探討的科技定位追蹤監視措施，例如透過衛星系統定位、行動電話定位、監視錄影影像比對、透過網際網路網路取得位置等，實務上運用情況加以探討、分析，究竟這些新科技措施與傳統的資料蒐集有哪些重大差異，並整理現行可能作為這些科技定位追蹤監視措施依據的法規範，檢討這些規定是否真能夠有效的規範這些新型態的科技定位追蹤監視措施，或是現行規範根本就不足甚或是在無規範的狀態下進行定位追蹤監視。第四章就科技定位追蹤監視措施，對於基本權利會形成如何重大的影響加以論述分析，例如憲法明文列舉的秘密通訊自由、集會自由、營業自由等；以及憲法未明文列舉的隱私權、一般行為自由、人性尊嚴等，影響深遠，應該予以正視及早因應。第五章探討美國、德國科技定位追蹤監視的情形與發展情況，以及了解該國家司法以及法制對科技定位追蹤監視的態度如何，並與我國現況相互比較，進而對於我國運用定位科技追蹤監視的議題提出一些看法與建議。第六章探討公權力要求第三人協助科技定位追蹤監視，主要以電信業者協助提供通聯等紀錄協助定位、公權力機關向第三人調閱監視錄影影像資訊為討論範圍，尤其此問題除涉及資料當事人隱私等基本權干預外，也涉及電信業者的營業自由問題，以及依法律課以私人履行義務的原則與界限問題。第七章探討公權力運用科技定位追蹤監視應該遵守的原則以及合憲審查問題，試圖提出一些法律原則作為運用科技定位追蹤監視應該遵守的原則，例如法律保留原則、比例原則、法律明確性原則、目的拘束原則、正當程序原則，分別闡述這些原則並與科技定位追蹤監視加以連結，檢證現行可能作為科技定位追蹤監視依據的法規範，是否符合這些法治國的原則標準？應該如何改進？並討論科技定位追蹤監視措施的合憲性標準問題。第八章探討科技定位追蹤監視對於人民權利侵害的救濟問題，公權力機關基於行政危害防止或是基於刑事犯罪追緝的不同目的進行追蹤監視，受害人民救濟途徑有無不同？尤其這些措施大都是秘密進行，受追蹤監視當事人或其他第三人權利受侵害，要如何確保憲法上的救濟權？並建議應強化告知原則的落實，確保人民基本權的保障。第九章對於前述各章的議題提出總結與具體建議，並提出對於未來的展望。 Through newly technology, not only can easily collect personal data, but also permanently keep and extensively spread. The personal data leakage cases become more and more serious. This dissertation focuses on public authorities locating individuals tracking technology and protection of human rights related issues. This dissertation comprises nine chapters and the major contents are as follows: In chapter 1, the author introduces the motivations and objectives of this thesis, and briefly describe the research framework on the scope.In chapter 2, briefly introduce the international practical situation and trends of regulations regarding protection of personal data and privacy. It is not only briefly introduce the trends of international organizations, but also the legal systems in United States and Germany, it is as well as to make comparison of the regulations in each nation, and think of what we need for improvement in my country. In chapter 3, the author discusses public authorities tracking technologies, such as through global position system, mobile phone positioning, video images and Internet to locating individuals, and to examine and review the regulations of tracking technology in my country. In chapter 4, deal with the issue of tracking technology will form the human rights for a significant impact, such as the Constitution expressly enumerated freedom, for example, privacy of correspondence, freedom of assembly, freedom of business; and not explicitly listed human rights, for example, human dignity, right to privacy, the general behavior freedom, and we should be face and prepared. In chapter 5, the author discusses practical situation of tracking technology, as well as learn about the judicial review and legal statute of tracking technology in United States and Germany, and compared with the current situation in my country, then proposes some observations and suggestions.In chapter 6, the public authorities always require a third person to assist positioning tracking technology to monitor, in particular, this problem not only involves the data subjects the right to privacy, but also involves freedom of business operators.In chapter 7, the public authorities use tracking technology to locate individuals should compliance with the principles of the constitutional, the author trying to put forward some principles of law as a location tracking technology should follow, such as the principle of legal reservation, the principle of proportionality, the principle of legal clarity, the purpose of binding principles, the principle of due process.In chapter 8, as we know , Article 16 of the Constitution guaranteeing people the right of instituting legal proceedings means that a person shall have right to litigate in court for legal remedies when his personal right is infringed , the author discusses how to ensure the people's constitutional right? In particular, these tracking measures are mostly conducted in secret, people always never know his personal right is infringed. And that should strengthen the implementation of the principle of notice to ensure the protection of people's rights.In chapter 9, the author concludes the finding and further proposes specific recommendations and made the outlook for the future.
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