俄羅斯於十九世紀下半至二十世紀初，因西歐啟蒙思想及各種學說、資訊傳入，使得「人道主義」、「以民為主」、「自由與平等」的想法漸漸在社會意識中發展。無論是由沙皇政府施行的改革（如亞歷山大二適時期）或是由民間群眾發起的反抗（如1917 年革命），都某種程度基於上述人本精神興起造成了制度改革。本計畫以題目中列出的時空為背景，探討在俄羅斯歷史學當中，人道主義的觀念如何形成，如何確實表現在編年史著作裡。以三位具代表性的歷史學家為觀察對象：謝爾格?索洛維約夫（S. Soloviev）、柯留闕夫斯基（V. Kluchevsky）、密留可夫（P. Milukov）。這些學者在各自著作裡不僅表達對「人民」的重視，擴大了編寫俄羅斯史的範圍，研究成果也深深影響俄國歷史學發展。另外，鬢化也探討歷史思維對社會制度的改變。 Due to the reason that enlightenment thoughts and information from western Europe were transferred into Russia during late nineteenth to early twentieth century, thoughts relevant to "humanism, people orientation, liberty and democracy" gradually rises in the social common sense. Regardless the revolution led by the government (e.g. Alexander II) or disobedience from general public (e.g. 1917 Revolution), bureaucracy based on rising humanism influenced them both. Using the social changes at the times as background, how Russian historiography carrying humanism and even marked faithfully is discussed. Three major historians naming S. Soloviev, V. Kluchevsky and P. Miliukov are focused this item. These scholars not only emphasize on the importance of general public, enlarge the scope of Russian history, but also research results from above scholars impacting on Russian historiography development. Furthermore, influence over these research results on the government bureaucracy.
