兩生類多樣性和兩種濱水森林棲地的關係

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Title:	兩生類多樣性和兩種濱水森林棲地的關係
Other Titles:	Amphibian Diversity in Two Riparian Forest Habitats in Central Taiwan
Authors:	劉俊良 Liu, Chun-Liang
Contributors:	關永才 Kam, Yoeng-Choy 東海大學生命科學系
Keywords:	兩生類;多樣性;濱水森林;蓮華池 amphibian;diversity;riprian forest
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2011-02-21T08:06:47Z (UTC)
Abstract:	濱水森林是兩生類的核心棲地，維持兩生類族群的存續和族群間的連接，在兩生類的保育上有重要的功能。許多研究發現森林中兩生類多樣性和森林受干擾的程度是負向的關係，且人工林中的兩生類多樣性比天然林中低。然而，濱水區域中的研究卻顯示在不同的干擾程度的濱水森林或不同的濱水樹種組成對兩生類的多樣性並沒有影響。對兩生類而言，濱水森林可能扮演和高地森林不一樣的角色，導致濱水森林和高地森林改變對兩生類有不一致的影響。本研究目的主要探討臺灣中部低海拔濱水森林和兩生類的關係。實驗於臺灣林業試驗所蓮華池分所進行，從2006年十一月到2007年十月，每個月進行連續六個捕捉夜，以掉落式陷阱、PVC管和帆布墊調查濱水森林中的兩生類群聚。論文分為兩個章節，第一章探討濱水森林和兩生類多樣性的關係，以及氣象因子對兩生類豐富度變動的影響。第二章以四組配對的濱水天然林和人工林樣點進行實驗，探討兩種濱水森林林相對兩生類多樣性的影響，以及環境因子和兩生類空間分佈的關係。結果顯示，蓮華池地區的濱水森林是蛙類的核心棲地，對維持蛙類多樣性有重要的貢獻。掉落式陷阱和PVC管的組合可以有效的調查不同類群的森林兩生類（落葉層蛙類和樹蛙），而每日降雨量是影響蛙類豐富度變動最主要的氣象因子。溪流效應、覆蓋以及林業經營減緩蓮華池地區濱水人工林和天然林的差異，使兩種濱水林相有相似的蛙類多樣性。然而，各物種對棲地的偏好以及附近水域環境影響兩種濱水林相間以及樣點間的蛙類群聚組成不同。環境因子中林冠覆蓋度、樹蕨覆蓋度以及底層灌叢覆蓋度的組合是蓮華池地區濱水森林中兩生類群聚分佈最佳的解釋。 The riparian forests are important for protecting biological biodiversity. These forests, which serve as core terrestrial habitats and corridors for amphibians at different life stages, are important for amphibian conservation in terms of maintaining diversity and connecting populations. Many studies have repeatedly found that amphibian diversity was negatively associated with forest disturbance and was lower in silvicultural forests than in natural forests. Studies of amphibian diversity in riparian areas, however, showed no difference in riparian forests of different levels of disturbance, or of different tree species composition. Riparian forests may have different relationships on amphibians from upland forests, therefore, the effects of riparian forests changes on amphibians would not consist with upland forests. The purpose of my study was to examine the relationships between amphibians and lowland riparian forests in central Taiwan. My study was conducted on the riparian forests at the Lien Hua Chih Research Center. I used pit-fall trap, mats, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes to collect amphibians, and trapped six consecutive nights each month from November 2006 to October 2007. The experiment were presented in two chapters. In chapter one, I invested the relationships between riparian forests and amphibian diversity, and the influences of climate on amphibian temporal variation. In chapter two, I examined the effects of different riparian forests on amphibians by comparing the amphibian communities in natural and silvicultural riparian forests, and analyzing the relationships between environmental factors and amphibian distribution. Results indicated the riparian forests are amphibian core habitats and have important contributions on maintaining amphibian diversity at Lien Hua Chih reaserch center. The trap arrays composed of pitfall-traps and PVC pipes were effective on investing litter-fall frogs and tree frogs. The results of regression showed the temporal variation of amphibian abundance was most related to daily rainfall. I found that anuran species richness and diversity was similar between the two forest types, but the community composition was significantly different. No differences in amphibian diversity were probably due to effects of streams, cover, and forestry management which produced similar microclimates in both forest types. Differences in anuran community composition indicated differences in preference by frog species and the influences of aquatic habitats proximate to forests. Results of BIOENV analysis showed that combination of canopy cover, tree fern cover, and ground shrub cover was the best explanation on describing anuran community composition.
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