| Abstract: | 勞動市場是一個相當複雜的場域，其結構提供人力資本的表現、職位的升遷、在職訓練、各種工作經歷累積以及轉業與轉行的機會。大部份的人在完成正式教育之後，通常就進入勞動市場就業，取得職業成就。階層研究在分析「教育－職業成就」的關係時，通常簡化勞動市場的運作過程。人力資本中的正式教育在勞動市場的回收是最常被探討的議題；然而，隨著個人工作經驗的累積，正式教育、工作經歷與在職訓練，形成一種人力資本的組合。相異人力資本的組合類型在不同的職場上會有不同的獲益，影響個人在勞動市場上的職業成就，也可能代表著不同的生涯週期或技術價值。本研究的目的在於探討人力資本在勞動市場的意義，分別探討教育、在職訓練、工作經歷，以及這三者之間的組合關係在勞動市場的資源分配中究竟扮演的角色；對於勞動市場階層化的運作有何影響？教育固然是人力資本的主要因素；但是，教育對於職業成就的影響力被認定會隨著工作者在勞動市場的年資增長而有逐漸減弱的趨勢，而在職訓練與工作經歷對於職業成就的影響力則相對地提高。因此，探討勞動者人力資本的組合與比重如何影響工作者在勞動市場取得職業成就，有助於瞭解勞動市場階層化的運作過程。本計畫使用台灣社會變遷基本調查三期三次、四期三次，以及目前正在規劃中的五期三次的資料，透過分析這三次的調查來探討勞動市場相關的變化趨勢，人力資本的形成，包括正式教育、在職訓練，以及工作經歷這些因素的組合，用以估計這些因素對於工作者職業升遷機會、薪資與職業成就的影響力。這些因素的變化將有助於瞭解台灣勞動市場階層化的重要機制。
Labor market is a complicated regime; its structure provides opportunities for workers to demonstrate their human capital, to acquire promotions, to accumulate further on-the-job trainings. It also offers workers opportunities to build up work experience portfolio, and to make job transitions. After the completion of formal education, most individuals enter the labor market to attain their occupational achievement. Previous research tends to simplify the mechanisms of labor markets in linking the relationship between education and occupational achievement. The reward of formal education, which constitutes the main stock of human capital, is one of the most studied subjects in sociology and economics. As a worker accumulates his/her job tenures, formal education, work experience and on-the-job trainings would blend into a form of human capital portfolio. Past research has found that different human capital portfolio, which may be resulted from different career trajectory and skill values, would be rewarded differently and affect worker’’s occupational achievement in the labor market. The major purpose of this research is to investigate the role of formal education, on-the-job trainings, work experience, and their compositional effects in determining the stratification process of labor markets. In spite of the fact that formal education plays a significant role in the reward system of labor markets, we hypothesize that the effect of education will decline after workers have accumulated job tenures; whereas on-the-job trainings and work experience will increase their effects on occupational achievement. This study investigates the composition of human capital portfolio and to further understand the stratification process of labor market. This study also analyzes the data from different waves of the Taiwan Social Change Survey to examine to what extent human capital portfolio, a combination of formal education, on-the-job trainings and work experience, affects worker’’s labor market outcomes in terms of promotion, wages and occupational achievement, and to what extent such mechanisms of labor market change over time. |
