供應網絡生產規劃模式-以記憶體模組產業為例

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Title:	供應網絡生產規劃模式-以記憶體模組產業為例
Other Titles:	Supply Network Planning Model-A Case of Memory Module Industry
Authors:	陳信宏 Chen, Hsin-Hung
Contributors:	王立志 Wang, Li-Chih 東海大學工業工程與經營資訊學系
Keywords:	記憶體模組;多廠區生產規劃;基因演算法 memory module industry;multi-site production planning;Genetic Algorithm
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2011-02-25T01:55:21Z (UTC)
Abstract:	隨著全球化市場的競爭壓力，許多企業於各地區設有配銷中心及製造廠，競爭的型態不再是企業個體之間的競爭，已經轉變為供應鏈與供應鏈的競爭，所面臨的生產活動，亦從過去的單廠區生產演變成為跨區域的多廠區生產模式。因此，在多廠區生產規劃的環境中，如何在符合產業特性的情況下，有效整合整體供應鏈上採購、生產及運輸規劃便成為重要的議題。就記憶體模組產業而言，位於產業鏈的中游，在各地區設有配銷中心及製造廠，屬於多階多廠區的生產環境。此外，其原物料記憶體晶片的採購價格會隨著時間的不同而有所差異，且供給數量亦有其限制，因此在進行生產規劃時，必須要考量原物料採購的時間點及其可能造成的存貨成本。此外，由於原物料供給數量有限，當需求大於供給時，如何在有限的供給數量分配至部分需求訂單以達到最高的淨利，亦是記憶體模組產業需考量的重點。另一方面，記憶體模組具備有多階產品替代的特性，相同的完成品可以由多種半成品組裝而成，而相同的半成品又可以由多種原物料製造而成，因此，規劃人員在進行規劃時，必須考量各階品項可供給情況及可能造成的存貨成本，決定以何種原物料及半成品生產而成。過去的文獻中，甚少針對記憶體模組產業之多廠區生產規劃進行探討，且未同時考量該產業之所有生產特性，因此，本研究提出符合記憶體模組產業的供應網絡生產規劃模式，考慮物料供給限制、原物料採購價格、多階產品替代、各廠區產能限制、生產及運輸前置時間等特性，於多階多廠供應網絡環境中，此模式以有向圖形為基礎之基因演算法求得最高淨利以解決訂單分配的問題。經由實驗結果顯示，本研究方法相較於業界現行作法，可同時考量多筆訂單且決定採購時間點，以達整體之近似最佳解，不論是在總淨利或是缺貨數量皆有明顯的改善。 Due to the competition of globalization market, companies are required to locate distribution centers and manufacturing sites around the world. The type of competition has already changed from individual company to supply chain. Production activity that should be faced has altered from single-plant to current multi-plant as well. Therefore, how to develop an integrated multi-site production planning approach which suits to characteristic of industry to coordinate procurement, production and transportation in supply chain become an important issue in the multi-site production environment.In terms of memory module industry, which is the part of midstream of industry, companies possess many distribution centers and manufacturing sites that are located in different places geographically. Accordingly, memory module industry belongs to multi-level and multi-site production environment. Besides, the purchasing price and supply quantity of critical material DRAM chip vary over time. Production planners must consider purchasing time of DRAM chip and inventory cost that may cost in production planning. Furthermore, because of limited supply quantity of DRAM chip, how to allocate the finite resources to demand orders for the purpose of largest net profit is another key point for memory module industry. Moreover, in memory module industry, product structure is very complicated since the multiple to multiple substitution relationships. This substitution relationships means same type of finished goods may be assembled by different types of semi-finished goods, and the same type of semi-finished goods may be composed by different types of raw materials. For this reason, production planners should ponder the quantity of each item (including semi-finished goods and raw materials) to decide what types of semi-finished goods and raw materials will be composed to fulfill the orders. On the current researches, multi-plant production planning for memory module industry or the production planning that deliberate all characteristics of memory module industry have only been considered insufficient. Consequently, the supply network planning model that suits to memory module industry is proposed in this paper, which considers limited supply quantity and purchasing price of critical raw materials, multiple to multiple substitution relationships, limited capacity of manufacturing site, production and transportation lead item. The model is established by directed graph based genetic algorithm that generates the order allocation planning aim for largest net profit. Comparing the SNP model that is proposed in this paper and current method by experiment, the SNP model can consider all demand orders simultaneously and decide the purchasing time of raw materials in order to achieve the global optimization. In the result, significant improvement is shown no matter in total profit or shortage.
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