評估二階供應鏈緊急缺貨因應措施

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Title:	評估二階供應鏈緊急缺貨因應措施
Other Titles:	Evaluating Responsive Policies for Emergency Shortage in a Two-echelon Supply Chain
Authors:	紀美瑜 Chi, Mei-Yu
Contributors:	邱創鈞;蔡禎騰 Chiou, Chuang-Chun;Jen-Teng Tsai 東海大學工業工程與經營資訊學系
Keywords:	週期性檢閱(R,s,S);橫向調撥;緊急訂購;替代品;模擬 Periodic review (R,s,S);transshipment;emergency order;substitute;simulation
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2011-02-25T01:55:23Z (UTC)
Abstract:	高度競爭的環境下，產品需求變化程度日益增加，導致顧客需求預測不易掌握。預測高估產生存貨囤積，造成企業資金積壓無法做更有效的運用；預測低估則會造成缺貨，企業容易失去市場競爭力。實務上，預測和實際需求之間差異無法避免，因此，研究當缺貨發生時零售商如何回應以提高顧客的滿意度，實為一重要課題。一般常見緊急因應措施如下：首先，在顧客願意接受缺貨後補的情形下，零售商暫時不予理會以等待下次的訂貨抵達；其次，零售商向供應商立即採取緊急訂購；再則，零售商向同一階層之零售商橫向調撥；最後，零售商以現有其他較高階替代品以滿足顧客的需求。本研究乃針對缺貨發生時零售商如何回應緊急缺貨的問題進行討論，在一定服務水準下，探討二階供應鏈系統中包括上階層一個物流中心，下階層有三個零售商。在所有成員均採用週期性檢閱(R,s,S)存貨政策與完全缺貨後補的情形下，考慮零售商的一般訂購、持有、缺貨處罰、橫向調撥、緊急訂購和價差等成本項目，利用模擬分析評估在何種作業環境下選擇何項緊急因應措施，將可使兩階供應鏈總成本降至最低。 Due to the increasing demand variation in the current competitive environment, obtaining an accurate demand forecast is becoming a challenging task. Even with advanced information technology, the deviation between the forecast and the actual demand is inevitable. Hence, how the manager copes with the stockout problem is an important issue. In general, for a retailer at the lowest level of supply chain, it continuously faces demand from the end customers. There are four responsive policies that the retailer can adopt when the stockout occurs. First, the retailer waits for the next incoming replenishment without taking any action. Secondly, the retailers place an emergency order to its supplier to eliminate the stockout, the lead time of emergency ordering is shorter than the normal replenishment. Thirdly, the retailer laterally transships the stock from the other retailer which has excess stock. Finally, the retailer use substitute with higher quality for the stockout. In this study, we consider a two-echelon supply chain system consisting of a distributor and three retailers. Given a service level, we assume that all the entities adopt periodical (R,s,S) inventory control policy. The relevant costs include normal and emergency ordering cost, carrying cost, stockout penalty cost, lateral transshipment cost, and price difference between the substitute and the original item. Simulation analyses are used to select the appropriate policy under various operating conditions.
Appears in Collections:	[工業工程與經營資訊學系所] 碩博士論文

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