| Abstract: | 本計畫擬以三年為期，系統地探討近代中國社會（時段為清末到戰前）譯介與傳播西方新性道德論述的思想文化發展及交流史。「新性道德」(New Sexual Morality)是個外來概念，其可謂透過中國知識文化界的譯介與援用，使傳統中國的貞操言論轉化為近代性別論述的關鍵思想機制。本計畫希望說明並論證，當時這些援用外來學說加以闡發的各類「新性道德」論述，實進行著一場顛覆中國傳統兩性道德觀的「貞操革命」。當時曾被中國人士譯介來華的西方新性道德思想，來自包括挪威劇作家易卜生(Henrik Ibsen, 1828-1906) 、英國社會學與人類學家卡本特(Edward Carpenter, 1844-1929)、英國性心理學家藹理斯(Havelock Ellis, 1859-1939)、英國哲學家羅素(Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970)、瑞典教育思想家愛倫凱(Ellen Key, 1849-1926 )、德國社會主義者倍倍爾(August Bebel, 1840-1913)、美國節制生育專家山額夫人(Margaret Sanger, 1879-1966)、美國無政府女性主義者高德曼(Emma Goldman, 1869-1940)、俄國共產主義女權運動家柯倫泰(Alexandra Kollontai, 1872-1952)、德國共產主義女性主義者蔡特金(Clara Zetkin, 1857-1933)、英國女權運動與優生學者斯托潑夫人(Marie Stopes, 1880-1958)等各國專家學者。這些言論奠基於近代性心理學、性生理學、醫學、社會學、人類學等眾多學科的研究之上，對中國社會形成與發展「新性道德」論述，有著重要與深遠的影響。本計畫即旨在以中國社會的相關討論議題為主軸，來綜合勾描中國各界為何以及如何選取、譯介與傳播歐美兩性思想專家之言論的思想文化脈絡。
This three-year plan sets its goal to systematically explore the translation and propagation of western discourses on new sexual morality in modern China, from late Qing to pre-war Republican period. “New Sexual Morality”was an imported idea in modern Chinese society; it was the crucial mechanism through which the traditional Chinese discussion on chastity was turned into modern gender and sexual discourses by way of the translation and adaptation of Chinese intellectuals. This plan hopes to discuss and argue that all sorts of discourses on new sexual morality, which were based on the translation and appropriation of western ideas, in modern Chinese society together engaged in a “Revolution of Chastity”that challenged and thereafter replaced traditional sexual ethics. Among the abundant ideas on new sexual morality, love and marriage from the West, the most well-known and discussed by the Chinese mainly came from those as follows: Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), British sociologist and anthropologist Edward Carpenter (1844-1929), British sexologist Havelock Ellis (1859-1939), British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Swedish educator Ellen Key (1849-1926 ), Germany socialist August Bebel (1840-1913), American birth control expert Margaret Sanger (1879-1966), American anarchist feminist Emma Goldman (1869-1940), Soviet communist feminist Alexandra Kollontai (1872-1952), Germany socialist feminist Clara Zetkin (1857-1933), British author and expert of family planning Marie Stopes (1880-1958), etc. These diverse western ideas, which were elaborated on the basis of the ongoing achievements in various fields of study such as sexology, biology, psychology, physiology, sociology, anthropology, had exerted huge impact on the formation and evolution of discourses on new sexual morality in Chinese society. By tracing the intellectual trajectory of cross-cultural translation, and probing into the development of a variety of discussions of new sexual morality in Chinese society, this plan hopes to contribute to further understanding of the genealogy of love, sex and chastity of modern China in a transnational context. |
