這個研究是以發展研究法（Developmental Research）或介入研究法（Intervention Research）去發展及測量一套“職務中心家庭問題解決”（task-centered family problem solving，TCFPS) 介入模式，來協助台灣有智障者之家庭，並評量這套介入模式是否能為現職社工人員所執行且適合臺灣地區各有關機關所使用。本研究主要目的為：（1）發展一套有效的家庭處置模式以滿足這些家庭的需要；（2）測量這套處置模式是否對這些家庭有效益，可以被廣為使用。根據文獻及實務研究之結果，並考慮西方與中國特有的文化背景，整合成一致性發現（consensus findings），摘要概論（summary generalizations）與實務指導（practice guidelines），藉此，本研究發展四組選擇性服務方案（alternative programs）之“職務中心家庭問題解決”介入模式與服務流程，提供社工員在初測(pilot test) 時執行。這四組服務模式分別是（1）教育家庭以科學方法正確解釋智障原因；（2）增強夫妻支持系統；（3）促進家庭互動關係；及（4）尋求並發展家庭社會支持系統。 這套初步的服務模式之實務執行過程與介入結果（outcome of the intervention）以準實驗設計方法中的“前測-後測兩組非隨機抽樣團體設計”（the pretest-postest non-equivalent group design）來評估以確定這套職務中心家庭處置模式是否適合臺灣的智障家庭，以修定為更有效之介入模式。根據量化資料，這個介入服務對智障家庭的社會支持，父親對社會支持的看法，家庭的生心理健康分數，父親個別的生心理健康分數與母親的婚姻滿意反的分數在實驗組都顯著增加（p < 0.5）。根據質化資料，介入服務的效果可以摘要如下：（1）促進了家庭對有關智障兒、家庭互動及尋求資源問題解決的能力；（2）對母親或主要照顧智障兒者（如外婆）提供了支持性服務；（3）促進夫妻及家庭關係；（4）為家庭尋求支持；（5）促進個別家庭成員的自我認識。 This study utilized the developmental research paradigm for innovating and testing a treatment package-task-centered family problem solving(TCFPS)--to assist Chinese families who have a member with developmental disabilities. The main purposes of this study were: (a) to develop an innovation treatment model to meet these families' needs; (b) to assess how it is utilized; and (c) to make a preliminary study of effectiveness. in order to provide more effective services for meeting families' needs， summary generalizations， practice guidelines and four alternatives of intervention programs were developed based on consensus findings which emerged from western literature， the background of Chinese culture， and practice sources. The four alternatives of intervention programs were: (a) helping the family have scientific or adequate medical explanations about the causes of developmental disabilities， (b) increasing spousal support， (c) improving family relationships， and (d) seeking social support. This intervention model， TCFPS， was implemented with the task-centered approach and provided for practitioners to carry out the intervention during a pilot test. The process and outcome of the intervention were tested using a quasiexperimental nonequivalent control group design in order to know how the intervention model was implemented. In this pilot test， 11 families completed the intervention， while 16 families were held constant in a comparison group that received no treatment. Based on the quantitative data， the families involved in the intervention appeared to significantly benefit from the intervention in such areas as improving family social support and father's perception on social support. On the other hand， the family relations in comparison group were significantly becoming worse; especially， the mother's and siblings' perception about family stress showed more destress than before the intervention. Results from qualitative data indicating effectiveness included: (a) empowering family's capability of problem solving， (b) improving mother's support， (c) improving marital and family relations， (d) helping the family link with resources， and (e) enhancing family members' self-insights. After the evaluation of the pilot test， the intervention model and the process of the implementation were refined. Directions of future research including the main-field test and dissemination were also presented.
