大學生校系選擇因素及過程之探究

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题名:	大學生校系選擇因素及過程之探究
其它题名:	College and college major choice：A study of factors and choice College and college major choice：A study of factors and choice process among Undergraduate in Taiwan
作者:	賴昭文 Lai, Chao-Wen
贡献者:	趙長寧 Chao, Chang-Ning 東海大學教育研究所
关键词:	選擇大學;選擇科系;大學入學 college choice;college major choice;enter a university
日期:	2008
上传时间:	2011-03-09T02:51:19Z (UTC)
摘要:	本研究主要目的在了解大學生校系選擇的相關因素，以及選擇校系的過程及決定。本研究同時使用量化及質性研究方法，量化方面以台灣高等教育資料庫中九十二學年度及九十四學年度的調查資料，探討不同因素對大學生校系選擇的重要性。質性部份，以Hossler and Galagher(1987)所提出的傾向、搜尋、決定三階段模式做為研究架構，並以九十五學年度中部某一所私立綜合大學十八位大一學生進行半結構式訪談，以了解大學生在選擇校系時考量的因素及決定過程。本研究之研究發現分量化及質性二部份，說明如下：(一)量化研究：影響九十二學年度及九十四學年度大一學生的校系選擇因素中，選校的前三個重要因素為科系考量、就業考量、考試分數落點。選系的前三個重要因素為自己的興趣、自己的學(術)科能力、工作機會。不同學生背景對校系選擇因素重要性的看法亦有所差異。選校因素部份，女生比男生更重視父母及家人的影響或建議，男生則比女生更重視校園環境、設施、設備。父母親教育程度越高者，父母及家人的影響或建議的重要性越大。家庭年收入越低者，除了父母及家人的影響或建議的重要性越高，經濟考量的重要性也越大。高中職畢業時成績較好的學生，更重視父母及家人的影響或建議、師長的影響或建議、學校聲望、師資、校風等。與家庭關係越親密者在選校時越重視父母及家人的影響或建議。選系部份，女生比男生更重視父母及家人的影響或建議、師長的影響或建議以及自己的學(術)科能力，男生則比女生更重視為了進這所學校(選校不選系)這項因素。父母親教育程度越高對子女在科系選擇上的影響也越大。家庭年收入較低的子女越希望得到獎學金的幫助。高中職畢業時成績較好者，父母及家人的影響或建議、師長的影響或建議、獎學金、生涯發展的潛力這些因素在考量科系時，重要性明顯高於成續較低者。與家庭關係越疏遠，選擇科系時父母及家人的影響或建議重要性明顯低於與家庭關係親密者。(二)質性研究：選校部份，在傾向階段，受訪者大部份在國中階段意識到自己將來要唸大學，影響自己要唸大學的因素包含家庭因素以及在教育過程中受教育分流的影響。在搜尋階段，取得大學資訊的管道包含學校網站、大學博覽會、師長、父母、高中輔導室、學長姐、同學、報章媒體等。對大學生而言，有用的大學資訊其特質包含：深入、資訊與被提供者個人目前的大學經驗有關、資訊符合學生的個人需求。在決定階段，在相近的學校中進行選擇時，大學生會根據分數、出路、學校風氣、個人因素等對學校進行排序。選擇大學過程中的困難則包含他人的意見太多以及選擇大學過程中的不確定性。選系部份，在傾向階段，大部份受訪者都在高中時才確定想就讀的科系。在搜尋階段，科系網站、大學博覽會、師長、學長姐、重要他人、報章雜誌等都是他們取得科系資訊的管道。在決定階段，大學生選擇科系的策略包含分析取向、刪減取向、分類取向以及理想化取向。選系過程中最困難的部份則包含找出其它自己感興趣的科系、對是否能勝任科系的課程擔心以及考慮科系的出路問題。本研究根據研究發現提出建議：(一)校系選擇部份：1、準大學生應及早確定自己的學科興趣，並充份了解大學校系相關相資訊。2、中等學校應為學生妥善規劃升學輔導課程。3、大學應提供有關校系更深入而豐富的資訊。(二)研究方法部份：1、在研究設計上可以使用其它的校系選擇相關理論及觀點進行研究。2、在研究對象上可以選擇正在進行校系選擇的準大學生做為研究對象。關鍵詞：選擇大學、選擇科系、大學入學 This article is mainly focusing on understanding the factors that have involved when come to choose a university and a college major and also the process of decision making in choosing one. The author has used both quantitative and qualitative methods. In quantitative method, the author has looked into the date base of the higher education in Taiwan of year 2003 and year 2005 in discussing the different factors. In qualitative method, the author has used the three stages: predisposition, search and choice –making model that Hossler and Galagher (1987) had proposed as the methodology in proceeding the interview with 18 freshmen of a private university in central Taiwan. The findings of this research are as following:（1）In quantitative method: The premier three factors in choosing the university are the departments, the career development, and the scores of the entrance exam. As for choosing the majors, the students tend to concern more on their own interests, their competence and the career potential. The students from different backgrounds show their differences in those factors as well. As for choosing a university, girls weigh the suggestions from the parents and family more than boys. Boys consider more on the atmosphere and the infrastructure of the campus. Those who have parents with higher education background accept their parents’ opinions more easily and so do those who have a closer relationship with their families. As for choosing a major, the influence or suggestions from the parent, family members, or the teachers and the competence of oneself play an important role more on girls than the boys. Boys value more on the university as a whole than the major itself. The education background of the parents also affects the students’ decision making. The students from a family with lower income choose one with the scholarship. Those who got higher grades from their high school concern more on the suggestions from their parents and teachers, the scholarship, the career development than those with lower grades. Those with a closer relationship with their families show the same tendency as well. （2）In qualitative method: As for choosing a university, most students tend to have the concept that they are going to a university from junior high in the predisposition stage. Families and the education experience are the important factors. In the search stage, students gather the information from the university websites, university fairs, teachers, parents, the consultant room from their own schools, seniors, peers and media. The information more profound, more related to students’ own experiences and fulfill the individual needs is considered more useful. In the choice stage, students will make the preference according to their scores, the career potential, the reputation of the university and other personal factors. The difficulties within this process include receiving too many opinions from others and also other uncertain matters. As for choosing a major, in the predisposition stage, most interviewees decide their majors in senior highs. In the search stage, the website of the departments, university fairs, teachers, seniors, friends, and media are their resources. In the choice stage, students use the analyzing, deleting, classifying, and idealizing to be their strategy. The difficulties include finding out one’s own interest, the capability in the courses taken, and also the future career development. The following suggestions are made according to this research: The aspect in making a choice: 1. Students should find out their own interests and competence as soon as possible and review thoroughly the information about the university. 2. Senior high schools should plan the consultant program in helping their students. 3. The universities should be accessible as information providers. The aspect in research methodology: 1. The research students can make the reference of other related researches. 2. Use the freshmen-to-be to conduct the research. Key word: college choice, college major choice, enter a university.
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