| Abstract: | 人口高齡化、少子化現象造成住居型態改變，高齡獨居或群居有增加趨勢。目前產品器具設計，多以人類的平均標準為設計的考量；但現今社會構成人口數量、比例轉變快速，若以平均標準來設計，難以滿足不同族群多樣的需求。「飲食」是國人每日所需的生活條件之一，近年來，在家戶構成人口的變化，飲食內容也發生變化，趨向簡單、快速的飲食方法，各式的烹飪家電因應而生，簡化準備與處理料理以及整理時間，達到有效調理食物；然而目前台灣烹飪產品設計的目標族群多為健康成人；在高齡化社會趨勢下，由設計行為或思考的視點來看，滿足高齡族群多元化需求，應是設計重要課題。透過調查發現，高齡者由於操作習慣及認知的累積，對於現有烹飪產品的操作往往專注於單一功能，而忽略了其他功能；並且依賴固定品牌及形式的烹飪產品，以延續產品操作的認知習慣，對於新的產品及技術，通常不具有學習動力。大部分的高齡者認為，操作的介面應採取圖像與文字相互輔助方式，提供清楚明瞭的操作提示。而對於現有烹飪產品介面，大部分高齡者也表達了無法輕鬆閱讀操作。在烹飪產品的回饋提示上，認為現有產品不論是視覺或是聽覺的提醒，對於高齡使用者來說，都不夠明確，容易造成使用時的忽略。 經由調查了解，現今的烹飪產品多不符合多元需求的設計，尤其是高齡者在操作烹飪產品的過程中，無法提供高齡者舒適的操作模式，使得高齡者在操作過程中時常遭遇挫折，烹飪家電的市場應展開無障礙設計新局面，在探討無障礙設計時，不單是生理層面的無障礙，應包含心理層面無障礙的全人關懷設計，促使設計回歸「使用者為中心」的設計時，將使用者之身體機能狀況列入重要考量，讓現今烹飪家電的使用操作更貼近使用者需求，亦是設計領域的新思潮。
Due to the trend toward an aging society, residential lifestyles have changed and there is an increase in the number of elderly who live alone or communally. At the current time, the design of products and appliances tend to focus on average human standards. However, the composition of population in society has rapidly changed in ratios, and design based on average standards cannot satisfy the diverse needs of different groups. “Food” is a necessary living condition for citizens. In recent years, as the household composition changes, the content of food has also changed, approaching simple and fast food preparation methods. As a result, various types of cooking appliances have also come into being to simplify the preparation and cooking process and time so there can be effective cooking. However, the target group for the design of cooking appliances is generally healthy adults; in the trend of aging societies, an important issue in design from the perspective of design behavior or thought is how to satisfy the diverse needs of the elderly groups. Survey showed that due to operation habits and the accumulation of their perceptions, the elderly tend to focus on single functions when operating current cooking products, overlooking other functions. They also rely on cooking products of fixed brands and forms to continue their perceptions and habits in product operations. They generally do not have the motivation to learn new products or techniques. Most of the elderly believe that the operational interface should have a balance of images and text, providing for clear operational hints. For the interface of existing cooking appliances, most of the elderly stated that they could not easily read and operate them. In the feedback hints of cooking products, they believe that current products are not clear enough for elderly users in terms of visual or aural reminders, and tend to cause neglect in usage. Survey also found that current cooking products do not generally conform to the design for diverse needs. Especially in the process of operating cooking products by the elderly, they cannot provide the elderly with comfortable operational models, so that the elderly tend to face obstacles in the operation process. Therefore, the cooking appliances market should begin a new chapter in accessible design. When exploring accessible design, it is not just biologically accessible, but should also include complete care design with psychological accessibility, so that design can become “user-centered” in incorporating users’ physical functions into the important considerations, so that current usage and operations of cooking appliances can more closely align with user needs; this is a new trend in the field of design. |
