創新可為高科技公司獲取利基，而專利權的排他性更可成為企業攻擊與防禦的手段。有鑒於創新效率是企業保有優勢競爭力之關鍵，因此本研究以技術多角化為主軸，探討技術的多角化是否能提升創新效率，成為科技產業技術策略的選項。本研究以2001年至2010年台灣高科技產業之上市上櫃公司，於美國專利暨商標局(USPTO)申請專利者為研究對象，財務資料則取得於TEJ資料庫。本研究利用資料包絡分析法(DEA)結合不同產出層面來評估相對創新效率；另外，本研究以企業規模為調節變項，進一步檢視不同之企業規模在發展技術多角化裨益創新效率之差異。研究結果顯示，高科技產業技術多角化對創新效率產生正向顯著影響，可使研發資源運用於專利產出及專利引用上具有較佳之效率，進而獲致營業利益，其中並以光電及電子零組件兩次產業最為明顯。此外，研究結果亦指出，大型企業施行技術多角化之創新效率優於小型企業，並且規模之優勢效果繫於大型公司可穩定投入資源而累積較多的研發資本。最後，規模並非全面產生正向的調節效果，在產業技術發展風險較高的光電業，企業規模具負向調節效果，即當企業處於技術發展風險較高的產業而採行技術多角化策略時，小型公司因有較佳的彈性及凝聚力，能跨越組織僵化而有較好的創新效率，本研究結果可調和現有文獻對創新績效存在不同規模效應之論點。 Innovation carries a niche for a high-tech enterprise; the exclusiveness of patent rights serves an important tool for enterprises to fight and defend. Owing to the fact that innovative efficiency is the key to competiveness, the study focuses on technological diversification and discusses whether technological diversification is able to improve innovative efficiency and thus becomes an option of the technique strategies for technological industries.The subjects of the study include those TWSE/GTSM listed companies who applied for patents from U.S. Patent & Trademark Office from 2001 to 2010. The financial data was retrieved from TEJ database. The study adopts DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to evaluate the innovative efficiency. Firm size was used as the moderator to further find out the differences in firm size of the enhancement of technological diversification on innovative efficiency.The findings show that technological diversification has positive effect on innovative efficiency. Technological diversification enhances the efficiency of applying R&D resources in two aspects: the production of enterprise patents and patent citations, both of which lead to revenue. Optoelectronic industries and electronic parts industries reveal more positive effect than others. In addition, the results of the study indicate larger enterprises, compared to smaller ones, have better innovative efficiency. The advantage of the firm size is that larger companies are able to stably invest resources and thus accumulate sufficient R&D capital. Finally, however, firm size does not lead to positive effect in all aspects; when an high-risk technological enterprise implements technological diversification, a small company may better overcome organizational rigidity and have better innovation efficiency due to its flexibility and cooperativeness. The study consolidates various views on the effects of how innovative efficiency exists in different firm size.
