| Abstract: | 本研究係採質性研究方法，以目的性抽樣並採取滾雪球方式，對參與之受訪者進行深度訪談，因受訪者之職業對刑事鑑識、犯罪偵查及維護治安工作具實務經驗與理解，另亦訪談一般民眾(包括里長、鄰長)，試圖了解轄區居民對於本研究議題之想法、看法及建議之處，再參考內政部警政署刑事警察局(97-100年)全國刑事案件指紋鑑識統計表及高雄市政府警察局鳳山分局(95-100年)採證績效表等相關數據，來探討與論述指紋資料庫對治安成效之相關性。 指紋除了可運用於犯罪偵查外，對於失智老人、路倒病患、遊民、無名屍、意外災害罹難者之身分確認，防止身心障礙兒童走失，以指紋代替印鑑，防止冒名頂替等多項功能，因此，指紋資料庫對於治安之成效是有其正面之效益。指紋資料雖有助於「犯罪偵查」與「身分識別」，然而，指紋資料建置涉及侵害個人隱私權，而「指紋資料庫」就如同一把兩刃之劍，善意的使用使大眾蒙福，惡意的使用，使大眾蒙受其害，人權與個人隱私是普世價值，確實須要受到保障。有關指紋資料庫之運用，社會大眾最為關切的，莫過於個人之指紋資料外洩或遭盜用所引發之問題，到目前為止，雖然我國指紋資料未有外洩或遭盜用之情事發生，但民眾對於指紋資料之保密防護措施仍有諸多疑慮與不解，因此，有必要訂定指紋專用法規、建立全方位指紋資訊安全機制，確保指紋資料庫安全使用與管理，以獲取民眾對政府之信任。再者，「犯罪偵查」、「身分識別」均須仰賴刑事鑑識，其中指紋資料庫、DNA資料庫之建置，對刑事鑑識工作更有其重要性，站在維護治安立場之主管機關，總是希望能全面建置指紋資料，但人權團體卻持反對意見，如何在保障人權與維護治安兩者間尋求妥適之平衡點，共創雙贏局面營造人民安全生活環境，這才是社會之幸、國家之福也。關鍵字：指紋、指紋資料庫、治安成效、隱私權
In this study, qualitative research methods are adopted, and with the ways of purposive sampling and snowball method, to proceed In-depth interviews, based on the interviewees’ jobs owning understanding and Practical experience to forensic science, crime investigation and the job of maintaining public security. To discuss and talk over the relationship between fingerprint database and the public security, the general public are also interviewed (including neighborhood representatives), and I attempted to understand the area residents’ ideas, thoughts and suggestions to this study issue. Next, refer to the relative statistics as national criminal cases fingerprint forensics tables from National Police Administration's Criminal Investigation Bureau (2008~2011) and vidence Collecting results tables from Kaohsiung Government Police City Department Fengshan Branch (2006~2011)Fingerprint can be used in the way of crime investigation; it also has many functions such as identity recognition and confirmation to dementedold people, patients fall by roadsides, homeless people, nameless dead and victims of accidents or disasters, and it can help to avoid mentally or physicallydisabled children be missing. Replace the seal with fingerprints has the functions like avoiding imposture and so on. Therefore, fingerprint database do has positive benefit to the society security. Although, fingerprint data does help to crime investigation and identity recognition, the establishment involves with invasion of personal privacy. Like a double-edged sword, it can do a great help for the public society, but it can sometimes be harmful when being used with bad intentions. However, what the public concern most is the problem that fingerprint data may be disclosed or pirated and stolen . People have many concerns and don’t understand to the confidentiality protection of fingerprint data.Consequently, it is necessary to set up special laws and regulations for the use of fingerprint, also to establish comprehensive security systems, to ensure the security of fingerprint database in applications and management, so that government can be trusted by the public. In addition, crime investigations and identity recognitions both rely on forensic science. Thus, the establishments of fingerprint database and DNA database have more importance. In the aspect of official authorities which maintain the public security, always for establishing a complete fingerprint database, yet the human rights groups are against to it. Social society should always find a way to balance them both. On account of this, to maintain public security and also protect human rights efficiently and to create a win-win situation, and then to build up a safe and better living environment for people are the most important and best thing for the society and country.Keywords: fingerprint, fingerprint database, effects of public security, privacy |
