都市廊道連接度之探討－以台北市大安區為例

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Title:	都市廊道連接度之探討－以台北市大安區為例
Other Titles:	A Study on the Connectivity of Urban Corridor─A Case Study of Da-An District in Taipei City
Authors:	張鈞勤 Chang, Chun-Chin
Contributors:	王小璘 Wang, Hsiao-Lin 東海大學景觀學系
Keywords:	景觀生態學;連接度;廊道;鳥類群聚度 landscape ecology;connectivity;corridor;avian assemblages
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2011-03-09T07:44:45Z (UTC)
Abstract:	都市乃人類經濟活動所蘊育出的生活環境，由於過度開發及缺乏完善整體規劃，導致都市中的綠地未能發揮生態效益。且由於都市空間及環境資源特性不同，各地區對於公園綠地的發展方向及重點也不一致，而在人為改變土地利用的過程中，往往縮減植被面積，使得鄰近棲地不能連接，進而形成許多破碎之棲地，造成動植物種類減少、群落分離，更嚴重者將會破壞原有生態系的完整健全。而連接度為景觀網絡結構的一個重要特徵，並且是區域生態復原的重要因子，為了提高都市環境之生態功能，許多專家學者紛紛提出公園綠地政策及相關計畫，並引入連接度之概念來建構都市公園綠地系統。就景觀生態學的觀點而言，廊道有助於生態系統之串連，而都市環境中的開放空間則須藉由園道、景觀道路等加以串連，以達生物棲息地之延續。本研究之目的如下：(一)探討都市環境裡被視為廊道的都市綠廊道其「結構連接度」之連接情形。(二)探討指標物種群聚現象是否受到都市綠廊道連接度之影響。(三)瞭解物種活動情形與都市綠廊道連接程度間的關係。(四)透過實證研究提出作為未來都市綠廊道系統景觀生態規劃設計與都市空間生態保育規劃設計參考。研究結果顯示︰(1)都市廊道連接度會影響鳥類的群聚現象；(2) 提升廊道連接度中的寬度、連接度r值、空間連續性、植物物種多樣性、棲地多樣性及植物群落結構等可增進鳥類群聚現象；(3)減少都市綠廊道之間的空間阻隔可相對提高留鳥的物種豐富度；(4)增加都市公園綠地的綠廊寬度及植栽組成可增加留鳥物種豐富度。因此，本研究建議(1)以綠廊道來增進都市公園綠地間的連接程度，(2)新開闢的公園綠地應優先考量其鄰近公園綠地間之距離、分佈形狀、綠廊寬度及長度等；(3)針對都市中已建成之公園綠地，應增闢綠廊或行道樹以加強公園綠地之間的可串連性，以提升整體都市公園綠地之連接度並促進其生態功能的發揮。 Urban is the living environment that brings up by human activities of economics. Because of the undue development and the lack of comprehensive planning, the urban open space can’t bring its ecological benefit. As a result of difference between urban space and environment resource, each district of urban aren’t in agreement on development and emphasis to park and green land, in the process of land use changed by human reduced vegetation area, separated surrounding habitat, formed a great many fractal habitat, decreased variety and separated the community of biology, then it will result in destroy completeness and healthiness of original ecosystem. Connectivity is an important feature of landscape network structure that is also the significant factor of regional restored-ecology. In order to promote ecological function of urban environment, a lot of expert and scholar have proposed policy and relative plan of park and green land, utilizing concept of connectivity to construct urban park and green land. From the landscape ecological point of view, urban corridor plays an important role on the connection among ecological systems. While parkway and roadway can connect urban open space and provide a sustainability of ecological habitats. The purpose of this study are as follows: (1) applying connectivity viewpoint of landscape ecology to discuss structure connectivity of urban parkway that is considered as corridor in urban environment; (2) selecting birds have apparent and easily-observed migration and assemblages as indicator species to discuss assemblages would be effected by connectivity of urban parkway or not; (3) to review correlation between functional connectivity and structure connectivity for comprehending the relationship between biological behavior and urban parkway connectivity; (4) to propose suggestion from results of this study via comprehensive analysis on site, as the consultation for ecological planning and ecological conservation of urban parkway in the future.This study has obtained achievements : The connectivity of urban corridor will influence avian assemblages. Thus, in order to improve connectivity of urban park and green land should consider distributive form, width of green corridor, and plant species diversity, etc.; to increase constructing green corridor or street trees to combine the existing urban park and green land, enhancing the connectivity of all park land and consider the forming of surrounding green belt to promote the expression of ecological function.
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