綠色旅遊棲地：永續、友善、與健康旅遊環境-綠色旅遊棲地：永續、友善、與健康旅遊環境

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Title:	綠色旅遊棲地：永續、友善、與健康旅遊環境-綠色旅遊棲地：永續、友善、與健康旅遊環境
Other Titles:	Green Tourism Habitat: Sustainable, Friendly, and Healthy Tourism Environment
Authors:	侯錦雄,林灼榮,黃章展,羅文聰,林良恭,黃開義 ?HOU JING-SHOUNG
Contributors:	東海大學景觀學系行政院國家科學委員會
Keywords:	綠色旅遊；永續發展；生境面積指數；創新服務；投資效益分析；資訊體驗平台 Green Tourism； Sustainable Development； Biotope Area Factor (BAF)； Innovative Service； Investment Benefits Analysis； Information Experience Platform
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2014-03-07T03:39:58Z (UTC)
Abstract:	現在國際趨勢朝向低碳社會，並從低碳社會的概念發展出低碳旅遊、低碳經濟、低碳城市等議題。由節能減碳進一步延伸的永續發展的議題，由於與人類未來的生存與發展高度攸關，更是近年來跨領域乃至跨國間共同合作的重要主題，而綠色旅遊亦是永續發展概念融入一般民眾生活的重要實踐之一。有鑑於綠色旅遊與永續發展的在學術與實務上的重要性，東海大學研究團隊提出四個子計畫，將日月潭國家風景區以棲地（habitat）的概念模式做永續、友善、與健康旅遊環境建構。利用棲地的廣義概念，將國家風景區視為一個動植物生長與遊客休憩的地區，將遊客視為生物，目的地則視為棲地；以綠色旅遊為核心，結合資訊體驗平台與社群網絡的建置，對於綠色旅遊產業之永續發展進行完整的規劃與研究。在總計畫中，我們將由綠色旅遊、棲地生態、企業社會責任等方面，探討政府（管理者）、產業（廠商）及遊客（消費者）間之角色與整合，進而顯著提升價值鏈，並對節能減碳與永續發展的議題，進行深入的探討。第一年與第二年的基地為日月潭國家風景區，第三年則預期推廣至全國其他類型的國家級風景區。在具體的計畫目標來說，本計畫希望能以地方特色的文化營造與永續發展為基礎，達成國際化(全球化)品牌的行銷與推動。? 子計畫一、綠色旅遊產品與環境規劃策略子計畫一以Boyd與Butler（1996）提出的「生態旅遊機會序列」（ECOS）架構為基礎，並整合ecotourism, green tourism, alternative tourism, low-carbon travel,以及biotope area factor（BAF）提出綠色旅遊機會序列（Green Tourism Opportunity Spectrum, 簡稱GTOS），以綠色旅遊永續指標為依歸，以土地使用與空間分析探討綠色旅遊產品與環境規劃策略。綜合上述，本計畫目的包括以下四點：(1) 現有旅遊市場及潛在旅遊市場對於綠色旅遊產品之接受度與在GTOS上之分布型態。(2) 綠色旅遊供給面、需求面、環境面在日月潭國家風景區之空間分布形態。(3) 綠色旅遊在日月潭國家風景區之空間規劃與管理策略。(4) 綠色旅遊空間規劃架構應用於海岸型、山岳型國家風景區，其差異性與適用性探討。? 子計畫二、綠色旅遊創新服務能力、經營策略與友善產業環境發展子計畫二主要著眼於發展綠色旅遊時，扮演供給面的觀光產業業者需因應的創新服務能力及經營管理策略的層面，在三個年度的研究中，兼採質化與量化的研究方法進行，第一年度，一方面探討業者如何建構自身的資源與能力，以發展出創新的綠色產品與服務，一方面就整體觀光產業環境的觀點，針對產業中上下游營運模式的整合及串聯進行研究，並結合子計畫ㄧ及子計畫三研究內容發展整體的理論架構，第二年度，針對日月潭國家風景區進行理論模式實證研究。第三年度，將模式延伸至其他不同類型的國家風景區中進行驗證與分析，最終期望能建構出有利於推動綠色旅遊之創新營運模式，對廠商、產業與台灣整體旅遊市場創造出最大的價值，並在永續發展與經濟效益間取得適當的平衡。? 子計畫三、綠色旅遊產業投資效益分析及推廣策略子計畫三第一年度欲以民宿為探討對象，應用資料包絡分析法，加上其他子計畫研究成果之回饋，探討如何提升日月潭國家風景區之民宿BAF值。探討當旅遊供給面中的環境面欲從大眾旅遊趨向綠色旅遊時，業者為了提升環境的生態品質而研擬各項策略、方法與技術，當環境提升至不同的BAF值時，需投入相對應之成本與效益為何。第二年度將針對日月潭國家風景區整體旅遊環境提出生態指標(ecological indicator)、壓力指標(anthropogenic indicator)與環境指標(environmental indicator)，擬定區位商數，應用多目標評估決策模式，針對實施方案進行評估與分析，並針對日月潭國家風景區提出政策與建議。第三年度將以其他類型國家風景區為研究基地，探討區位商數之適用性與差異性。? 子計畫四、綠色旅遊資訊體驗平台之建構子計畫四將配合其他子計畫，建置系統來收集、整理、分析整理生態相關資料，例如Biotope Area Factor等。另外就是期望透過3D環境建置與體感技術的整合，提供遊客不同的綠色旅遊體驗。首先透過GPS定位系統與GIS地理資訊系統，讓使用者能規劃綠色旅遊路線與增加旅遊期間的趣味性。搭配後端之MIS資訊管理系統，針對所規劃之旅遊路線建置相關綠色旅遊相關景觀資料，即時提供使用者豐富之導覽資訊，並依使用者需求達到個人化與多元化的綠色旅遊相關數據評估。未來預計透過3D與體感技術的方式，提供一個能給予使用者在空間與時間上有不同方式的導覽體驗規劃，並在綠色旅遊上賦予資訊多樣化與多元化，且考慮節能減碳與能源永續利用兩大主軸觀念來推動特定區域的旅遊行銷，並透過與其他子計畫的整合，落實綠色旅遊產業之永續發展與策略的目標。 The international trend is heading to the low-carbon society which triggers the development of low-carbon travel, low-carbon economics, and low-carbon cities. The sustainable development issues which extend from energy saving and reduction of carbon emission are an important subject on interdisciplinary and transnational cooperation. Green tourism is therefore one of the important practices integrating the sustainable development into daily life. In light of the importance of the sustainable development and green tourism, the research team in Tunghai University has proposed an integrated project with four sub-projects. We employed the concept of habitat to build Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area as a sustainable, friendly, and healthy tourism environment. Regarding a National Scenic Area as a place in which animals and plants lives, visitors are recognized as creatures, and the destination as a habitat. We set “green tourism” as the core framework with established information platform and social networking to fulfill the project. We are going to discuss the relationship between the government (management authority), the industry (firms), and the visitors (consumers) with the integration and improvement of the value-chain. Also, we expect to apply this concept to other types of National Scenic Areas in the third year. This research program has been appointed as one of the main research issues in our university with an interdisciplinary research team to conduct the research with full support from the institution. The main objective of this study is to achieve international brand marketing and progressing based on localized cultural and sustainable development. ? Sub-project 1: The environmental planning and green tourism product This research project aims to use land-use and spatial analysis to investigate the green tourism product and environmental planning by proposing a Green Tourism Opportunity Spectrum (GTOS) which integrates Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum (ECOS) proposed by Boyd and Butler (1996) and green tourism, alternative tourism, low-carbon travel、and Biotope Area Factor (BAF). More specifically, the purposes of the research include: 1. To explore the possibility of the existing and potential market to accept green tourism related products and its distribution pattern. 2. To investigate the spatial distribution pattern including supply side, the demand side and the environmental side. 3. To propose advancing strategies of green tourism and environmental planningguidelines. 4. To investigate the difference and the applicability of the green tourism and environmental planning guidelines. ? Sub-project 2: The innovative service ability, business management strategy and friendly tourism industry environment of green tourism This research focuses on the issue of how the tourism firms, which play a supplying role in the tourism industry, create innovative ability and develop management strategies when they advocate green tourism business. The study is planed to last three years and both quantitative method and qualitative methods will be employed. In the first year, the study includes two parts: one part is to explore how the firms could develop the ability to provide innovative green tourism products and services at the firm levels; the another part is to investigate how to integrate value-chain of whole tourism business at the industry level, and then combine the results of the prior two parts and the results of Sub-project 1 and 3 to develop a theoretical model of green tourism business. In the second year, the study plans to choose Sun-Moon Lake National Scenic Area as a study site to test the theoretical business model developed in the fist year. In the last year, the theoretical business model modified in the second year will be applied to mountainous and marine types of National Scenic Areas. Finally, it is expected to develop an innovative business model in green tourism that may create the maximum benefits to firms, industry and the whole Taiwan tourism market, and obtain the appropriate balance between sustainable development and economic profit. ? Sub-project 3: The Investment Benefits Analysis and Promotion Strategy on Green Tourism Industry The biotope area factor (BAF) of the environment goes up as the tourism development moves from mass tourism toward green tourism. The tourism industry is assumed to make more investment to fulfill the environmental requirements of such change. How the industry can benefit from such investment becomes one of the key factors to ensure the success of green tourism. Thus, using bed-and-breakfast industry within Sum Moon Lake Area as an example, the first year of Sub-project 3 will utilize data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques to evaluate the costs and benefits of various extents to which the environmental biotope quality will be raised. In the second year, the ecological、anthropogenic, and environmental indicators will be used to assist the determination of location quotient. And then the Sub-project 3 will adopt the Multi-Objective Decision Model (MCDM) to evaluate performances among different alternatives. In addition, the Sub-project 3 tries to provide some managerial suggestions and policies for Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area. The third year will apply this evaluation framework to not only explore the suitability but analyzethe features and differences for other Nation Scenic Parks. ? Sub-project 4: The development of green tourism information experience platform. In this project, we will cooperate with all the other sub-projects to buildup systems for collection, organization and analysis of the ecological information, such as the management platform based on Biotope Area Factor (BAF). On the other hand, through the combination of 3D platform and motion sensor technique, we hope that can provide the sightseer with a different experience of green tourism. Firstly, by using the GPS and GIS users can arrange their green tourism courses by themselves and, therefore, increase their enjoyments and interests. With MIS as our backend system, the related landscape information for the planed green tourism course can be built up, to give users a wealth of real time navigation information, and from the user needs we can accomplish personalized purpose and can achieve a wide range of green tourism related data for estimate. In the future, no matter where or when, through 3D and motion sensor techniques, we are going to provide users with a difference way to experience and plan their route. This makes the green tourism become more diversified and pluralized. The promotion of tourism marketing to a specific area will be based on the concept of energy saving, carbon emission reduction and sustainable energy usage. Thus, the implementation of the sustainable development strategies of green tourism industry is more likely to be carried out through the integration with other sub-projects.
Relation:	計畫編號：NSC100-2632-H029-002-MY3 研究期間：2011-08~ 2012-08
Appears in Collections:	[景觀學系所] 國科會研究報告

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