| Abstract: | 近年來，區域貿易協定(regional trade agreement, RTA)與自由貿易協定(free trade agreement, FTA)開始盛行，歸納其原因有三點：（一）會對國家帶來正面的經濟效應；（二）國家的策略選擇，以因應全球化；（三）施壓其他國家或者國家害怕被排除在經濟貿易範圍之外。另外，除了促進經濟成長、降低貿易障礙、改善雙邊貿易關係等經濟與市場考量外，FTA 的簽訂本身可能具有政治、安全、外交與戰略等意涵。 我國在國際上之地位目前仍屬模糊不清，國際間許多國家對我國是否為一個國家仍存有疑慮，尤其是對岸的大陸。我國為爭取與各國簽署FTA以增進國家競爭力的同時，時時受到對岸的壓制，為突破這種經濟困境，在2001年加入世界貿易組織(WTO)後，海峽兩岸在2010年6月29日第五次江陳會時，簽訂「經濟合作架構協議」(ECFA)後，又於2013年6月21日第九次高層會談中，我國海基會董事長林中森與大陸海協會會長陳德銘共同簽署了「兩岸服務貿易協議」。 本文主要研究問題是：在「兩岸服務貿易協議」的簽署過程中，以民眾參與的觀點為研究重點來研究個案。其中，包含簽署過程的政策行銷、政策溝通與民眾介入參與等三個面向，探討整個簽署過程為何會引起多方爭議？是否因為政府在簽署協議前的政策行銷不足、政策溝通的不良以及簽署後的宣傳溝通不足、不夠透明公開，導致民眾資訊不對稱，甚至誤解為整個簽署過程是政府行政機關的「黑箱作業」，才由民眾積極參與並要求國會要介入逐條審核，甚至引發太陽花學運等問題。 由於兩岸目前仍處於曖昧不明的關係情勢下，我國民眾對於兩岸服務貿易協議存在著不明確及欠缺保障的心理，加上兩岸服務貿易協議所包含的行業廣闊，對於企業及民眾的影響亦有利有弊，如何興利除弊？如何協助弱勢企業？是政府所必須去面對並提出解決方案或配套措施。立法院為我國的國會及立法院的立法委員，兩者是我國最高民意監督機關及民意代表，基於保障企業與民眾權益的立場，進而參與整個簽署過程。然而，在簽署協議前未做實質監督，且簽署協議談判時亦未介入，簽署後為因應民意才要求行政院以召開公聽會的方式，讓相關產業代表能充分了解整個協議內容及如何獲得保障。所以，本文研究之民眾參與觀點定義，即是指簽署前對民眾的行銷及立法院的報告、與民眾及立法委員的溝通，以及簽署後立法院參與兩岸服務貿易協議審核的過程以及太陽花學運對審查過程的訴求。本文研究發現，在整個協議簽署過程之個案中，因為簽署前的政策行銷不足與政策溝通的不良，導致民眾的不安，簽署後才必須由國會介入逐條審核甚至引發了太陽花學運。如何加強改善政策行銷與政策溝通？如何協助弱勢企業？我國政府如何應對並提出解決方案或配套措施？這是我國政府應深思熟慮的重要議題。關鍵詞：ECFA、服務貿易協議、政策行銷、政策溝通、民眾參與
In recent years, regional trade agreements (regional trade agreement, RTA) and free trade agreements (free trade agreement, FTA) has become popular, summarized three reasons: (a) the country will have a positive economic effect; (b) State choice of strategies to cope with the globalization; (c) pressuring other countries or countries for fear of being excluded from the scope of economic relations and trade. In addition to promoting economic growth, reducing trade barriers, improving bilateral trade relations and other economic and market considerations, the signing of the FTA itself may have political, security, diplomatic and other strategic implications. China's position in the international arena as this is still unclear, many countries of the international community as a country is still in doubt, especially across the continent. To fight for our country to sign FTA with countries to improve national competitiveness, while always subject to the other side of repression, to break through this economic downturn, in 2001 to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Taiwan Strait in the June 29, 2010 Jiang Chen will be the fifth time, signed "Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" (ECFA) later, and on June 21, 2013 the ninth high-level talks, the chairman of the SEF and ARATS President Lin Zhongsen common Chen signed a " Process of the Services Trade Agreement across the Straites." The main research question of this article is: "Cross-Strait Trade in Services Agreement" signed process to view the research focused on public participation to study the case. Three dimensions which included the signing of the marketing process, policy, communication and public policy intervention participation to explore the entire signing process gave rise to much controversy why? Is it because of government policy before signing the agreement inadequate marketing, poor communication and lack of policy advocacy after the signing of communication, lack of transparency in public, leading to public information asymmetry, and even misunderstood the whole process of signing the executive is a "black box" only the active participation of the people and asked Congress to intervene by one audit, and even lead to sunflowers student movement and other issues. Because the two sides are still in the situation under ambiguous relations, cross-strait trade in services for our people there is no clear agreement and the lack of protection of psychology, with both sides of industry, service trade agreement contained broad impact for businesses and the public are also favorable, disadvantages, how to better bring? How to help disadvantaged businesses? The government has to face and propose solutions or supporting measures. Legislature as lawmakers of the parliament and the legislature, both of which are the nation's highest public oversight bodies and elected representatives, businesses and protect the rights of people based on the position, and thus participate in the entire signing process. However, before signing the agreement without making when substantive oversight, nor intervene in the negotiations and the signing of the agreement, in response to public opinion was requested after the signing of the Executive Yuan convened a public hearing, so that the relevant industry representatives to fully understand the entire contents of the agreement and how to get protection. So, the people involved in this study point of view of the definition entails the signing of the report before the public and the legislature marketing, communication with the public and lawmakers, as well as the process involved in the Legislative Yuan after the signing of the cross-strait trade in services agreement for the audit of the student movement and sunflowers demands of the review process. This study found that in the process of signing the entire agreement in the case, because of poor marketing policy before signing with the lack of communication policy, leading to public unrest, signed by one after an audit by Congress must intervene even sparked sunflowers student movement. How to strengthen policies to improve marketing communications and policy? How to help disadvantaged businesses? How to deal with the Chinese government and propose solutions or complementary measures? This is an important topic of our government should be well thought out.Keywords: ECFA, service trade agreements, marketing policy, policy communication, public participation |
