塔塔加地區黃喉貂與黃鼠狼的親屬關係

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Title:	塔塔加地區黃喉貂與黃鼠狼的親屬關係
Other Titles:	Kinship of Two Species Martes flavigula and Mustela sibirica in Tataka area
Authors:	王詩婷 Wang, Shih-Ting
Contributors:	林良恭 Lin, Liang-Kong 生命科學系
Keywords:	親屬空間結構;排遺;非侵入性調查方法;親屬關係 kin-related spatial structure;fece;non-invasive method;kinship
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2015-03-06T08:29:55Z (UTC)
Abstract:	貂科動物在生態系中扮演相當重要的角色，相較於其他食肉目物種卻甚少研究關注。台灣高山地區常見兩種貂科動物，黃喉貂(Martes flavigula)與黃鼠狼(Mustela sibirica)。文獻與觀察顯示黃喉貂有群體狩獵行為，基於親擇假說，黃喉貂群居應由有親緣關係的個體組成。過往調查多利用傳統捕捉方法，但貂科物種隱蔽特性以及可能造成黃喉貂個體受傷，因此本研究利用非侵入性調查方式進行以下三個問題的探討：1.塔塔加地區排遺所呈現黃喉貂與黃鼠狼的數量。2.黃喉貂與黃鼠狼個體間的親屬關係。3.兩物種的性別空間親屬結構的分析。本研究開發出13個黃喉貂微隨體基因座，其中6個可使用之基因座平均對偶基因數為2.5，對偶基因多樣性偏低表示過去黃喉貂族群可能有近親交配或是瓶頸效應等事件發生。2011年4月至2012年12月於塔塔加地區採集417個排遺，其中242個排遺利用粒線體DNA細胞色素b(cytochrome b)鑑種成功，186個排遺屬於黃鼠狼、53個屬於黃喉貂、3個屬於小黃鼠狼(Mustela nivalis)。黃鼠狼排遺共辨識出38個不同個體，23個為雄性，15個為雌性，族群密度為7.50隻/km2。黃喉貂有12個不同個體，7個為雄性，5個為雌性，族群密度為0.92隻/km2。兩物種種內雌雄間的遺傳相似度沒有顯著差異，雄-雄和雌-雌個體間的地理距離和遺傳相似度皆沒有相關性。本研究顯示黃喉貂與黃鼠狼沒有雌性空間親屬社會結構的產生，表示擴散可能無性別差異。親屬關係的分析顯示當地黃鼠狼有7組親子關係配對，多數個體間沒有血緣關係。黃喉貂則有一組親子對的活動位置接近。另外有一對沒有血緣關係的雌雄個體活動位點接近，且出現時間一致。因此本研究推測黃喉貂的群聚可能是由父母及其子代組成。 Musteliae play an important role in ecosystem, but compare to other carnivore they are less concern. There are two common sympatric mustelid in Taiwan’s mountain areas, the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica). Yellow-throated martens have cooperative hunting behavior, based on the kin-selection hypothesis, carnivore groups tend to consist of close related individuals to increase self-fitness. Traditional trapping method may be difficult for the elusive behavior and may cause injury of individuals. In this study, we use non-invasive method to adress the following questions：1. Individual numbers of the Siberian weasels and yellow-throated marten in Tataka. 2. Kinship among individuals of these two species. 3. The difference of kin-related spatial structure between sexes. The microsatellite markers for the yellow-throated marten had been developed for 13 loci and only 6 loci have allelic polymorphism, the average number of allele is 2.5, this may due to the inbreeding or bottle-neck event in the past or other factors. From April 2011 to November 2012, 417 feces were collected. 242 feces were successfully identified to species, 186 feces belong to Siberian weasels, 53 feces from yellow-throated martens, 3 feces were the least weasels (Mustela nivalis). For individual identification of the Siberian weasel, there are 38 genotypes, 23 genotypes are males, 15 genotypes are females, population density is 7.50 individuals/km2. For 12 different genotypes of yellow-throated martens, 7 are males, 5 are females, population density is 0.92 individuals/km2. No correlation between geographic distance and relatedness in male-male and female-female dyad of the Siberian weasels, and either yellow-throated marten too. This indicate no sex-biased dispersal in both species. Kinship analysis found three individuals belong to the same family, and the feces location are nearby. And we also found one male and one female feces location near each other, and no relationship in these two individuals. So I consider the group of yellow-throated marten consist with parents and their offspring.
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