命是中國哲學的重要觀念之一，且有多重意義。本研究是歷史性地考察命觀念在先秦的發展。詩書中的天命觀為中國哲學言命思想之始源，此天命觀，是宗教意義的命，但後來經人文化的歷程，轉化為有強烈道德意義的命，以周文王為具體象徵。孔孟雖承認有運命的限制，但更強調在吾人心性的道德性的義命。莊子言「安命」，對運命之降臨不怨天尤人，而是安然接受，順受之，視命是大化歷程中的一部份。墨子非命，強調人自身所應盡之努力與堅持，而不向外在所謂之命定屈服。本研究藉由探究先秦論命思想的本源與內涵，提供我們更了解命的觀念，及更能採取適當的態度去面對它。 ming is an important idea in Chinese philosophy.It has a variety of meanings.The present study aims to do a general survey of the idea in xian qin period（B.C.1059-B.C.221）.In shang shu（The Book of History）and shi jing（The Book of Odes）,ming refers to heavenly mandate with religious connotation.After a process of humanistic transformation,ming now acquires a strong moral sense,symbolically represented by the Emperor Zhou wen wang .In both Confucius and Mencius,ming has two meanings:In some contexts,it means fate,while in others it means innate moral endowment as xin and xing,and this is the sense Confucius and Mencius mostly emphasize.In Zhuang zi,ming predominantly mean fate,but he advances an attitude toward fate so that one can remain spiritually free and independent from its dictates.Mo zi vigoriouly attacks the popular belief of ming that connotes predestinate fatalism.
