尼龍與高性能工程塑膠之合膠改質研究

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Title:	尼龍與高性能工程塑膠之合膠改質研究
Other Titles:	Polymer Blend of Polyamide and High Performance Polymer：Reactive Compatibilization
Authors:	李承諭 Li,Cheng-Yu
Contributors:	王曄 Wang,Ye 化學工程與材料工程學系
Keywords:	甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯接枝聚醚醯亞胺;馬來酸酐接枝聚醚醯亞胺;相容劑製備;高分子合膠改質;Epoxy接枝聚醯胺66 PEI-g-MA;Reactive Compatibilization;Polymer Blend;PEI-g-GMA;PA-g-EP
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2015-05-07T01:55:31Z (UTC)
Abstract:	高分子共混改性是指將兩種或兩種以上聚合物進行混合，製成一種新的宏觀均質材料過程，共混後產物即為高分子合膠，合膠(Polymer Blend)是最常見的高分子改質方法之一，藉由結合兩種性質差異較大的高分子形成較優異的新型材料。於此研究中由於尼龍66(Polyamide, PA66)屬於長直鏈高分子，為泛用工程塑膠，對於高性能工程塑膠-聚醚醯亞胺(Polyetherimide, PEI)的結合性不佳，又因兩者分子結構上的差異，造成尼龍與高性能塑膠系統會有明顯的相分離行為，而不良的界面黏著也會降低整體合膠的表現，故利用相容劑技術改質PA66/PEI合膠系統，改善合膠中的高分子界面，縮小分散相的粒徑與分散性，增進整體耐熱性與機械性質。並藉由電子顯微鏡進行微結構觀察合膠相容狀態，探討熱性質與機械性質對於相容劑之濃度效應。本研究分成四部分做討論，第一部分主要探討官能化改質相容劑，在此選擇兩種途徑進行官能化改質，分別利用馬來酸酐MA與甲基丙烯酸環氧丙脂GMA作為官能化高性能工程塑膠之相容劑；而另一途徑則是利用環氧樹脂Epoxy作為官能化泛用工程塑膠之相容劑。利用塑譜儀進行熔融混煉，使PA66和PEI分別與相容劑進行接枝反應，其中製備官能化PEI(Functionalization of PEI,fPEI)會添加過氧化物作為引發劑與相容劑進行反應，形成接枝型共聚物，使其在分子側鏈上具有可與泛用塑膠反應之官能基，而在製備官能化PA(Functionalization of PA,fPA)，則是利用環氧基與尼龍末端胺基進行反應，形成嵌段型共聚物，使其分子鏈上的環氧基與高性能工程塑膠反應。再藉由紅外光譜儀FT-IR與傳統滴定檢定高分子中相容劑含量，最後測試fPA與fPEI在熱性質與機械性質上的差異。第二部分是將事先製備的官能化相容劑分別與PA66、PEI進行二次混煉製備改質合膠(Polymer Blend)。藉由在合膠中添加官能化相容劑，改善純合膠因相容性不佳所造成之缺陷，提升兩相間的結合性，經由調整接枝反應的相容劑添加量，比較fPA / fPEI濃度高低對於合膠改質效果的影響，並由電子顯微鏡進行微結構觀察合膠相容狀態與熱性質與機械性質對於濃度的效應。進一步探討改質後合膠是否能幫助分散相的粒徑縮減與均勻的分散於連續相中。第三部分由於fPA之改質合膠中，其熱性質與機械性質上皆有明顯受到相容劑濃度效應而逐漸提升且在改質效果上也較優於fPEI，但基於尼龍官能化反應對於高分子具有一定的影響，進而調整fPA在合膠中的比例，並由新鮮尼龍取代，觀察不同比例之改質合膠是否能達到既有改質效果，或更進一步加強合膠性質，降低製備官能化尼龍的次數與需求量，並達到官能化尼龍之最佳濃度且嘗試找出改質合膠最適化之配方。第四部份為反應共聚物之分析檢定，為了證實自行製備的官能化相容劑在進行熔融共混時與兩高分子產生反應，形成共聚物。因共聚物在改質合膠體系中有著明顯的增容效應，藉由molau test檢定共聚物之存在，從而藉由測試熱性質與利用紅外線光譜判斷殘餘物之官能基，討論高分子合膠溶解前後的性質差異。 There has been of great commercial interest in polymer blends because the technology offers a potential and economic route to new products with combined attractive features of each material. Nylon 6,6 is one of widely used engineering plastics. However, many drawbacks remain to be improved, such as brittleness and high temperature resistance absorption. One of approaches is to blend nylon 6,6 with various types of high performance polymers including aromatic polyetherimide (PEI), etc. PEI materials are composed of aromatic backbone with sulfone linkage. Specifically, PEI remains in satisfactory condition in long-term continuous use without causing any dimensional change or physical deterioration at temperatures as high as 200?C. However, the blend of nylon 6,6 and PEI gives relatively poor physical properties due to the low interfacial interaction. A compatibilizer is often required to enhance the interfacial stability. Therefore, this research aims at the synthesis of new compatilizier to improve the compatibility of the interface between the continuous phase and dispersed phase in the blend, leading to decreased particle size of dispersed phase, and improvement in heat resistance and mechanical properties.
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