本研究主要探討國家間的環境效率並以各自GDP及GNP大小進行分類比較。主要選取全球國內生產毛額排名前二十的國家並加入台灣，利用資料包絡分析法與視窗分析，探討各國家的效率優劣，並加入時間過程考量比較其效率穩定程度，再利用差額變數分析不同群國家的效率下滑主要原因，最後使用敏感度分析，比較各國資源投入的優勢項目以及影響幅度。本研究結果歸納如下：1.利用資料包絡分析得知研究期間年內，GNP較大國家整體效率表現較好，符合微笑曲線的觀點。在2009年，兩群國家效率值皆有下降趨勢，受到該年金融海嘯影響，各國的國內生產毛額皆明顯減少，但GNP較大國家效率在下降後皆有明顯回升，對能源及碳排放控管能力較強。2.在視窗分析中發現，GNP較大國家除了韓國、台灣，其餘皆在高表現高穩定度的第四象限，顯示GNP較大國家相對於GDP較大國家有較佳的資源使用配置能力。3.從差額分析研究期間2007至2012年結果顯示，整體GDP較大國家需改善最多為其投入過多的勞動力，但產值卻不足，因此GDP較大國家應提升其勞動生產力或加速往科技或創新相關產業結構轉型。GNP較大國家則在能源使用量方面須改善最多，顯示其在再生及替代能源技術方面還有進步空間。4.從敏感度分析結果得知，與GNP較大國家相比，GDP較大國家在產值勞動生產力及二氧化碳排放方面為其劣勢項目，GDP較大國家較多屬於開發中國家，其第二級產業比重較高，製造、代工等產業對環境的影響較大。 This study is mainly based on the eco-efficiency and the classification through the scale of the GDP and GNP among countries. It collected TOP20 GDP countries and Taiwan in the world, utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-Window Analysis to investigate the extent of efficiency between countries. Moreover, compared the extent of stability by putting the time course into the consideration, as well as used Slack Variable Analysis in order to analyze the main reason of the decrease in efficiency between different groups of countries. Finally used the Sensitivity Analysis to compare the advantaged events and influence scope in different countries with different input. The study results as followed:1.The results show that a country with a higher efficiency has a greater performance on GNP as well as correspond to Smiling Curve by using the data envelopment analysis during the period of research. In 2009, the efficiency is affected by the Financial Crisis and presented a declined trend and a significant decrease between two groups of countries. However, the efficiency of countries that has a greater GNP has an apparently rising after decrease and a higher ability of control in energy and carbon emission.2.Based on the DEA-Window Analysis, it shows that the countries in the fourth quadrant with high performance and stability have a greater GNP except South Korea and Taiwan. It presents a country who has a greater GNP has a better resource allocation ability than the one who has a greater GDP. 3.According to the Slack Variable Analysis between 2007 and 2012, the great GDP countries have had to improve with over many labor input but shortage of output. Therefore, they have to raise the labor productivity or transform into technological or innovative industry rapidly. These countries have to improve the use of energy most; it also means that there is still room for improvement of number of renewable and alternative energy technologies. 4.The results of Sensitivity Analysis showed that there is a number of weaknesses in carbon dioxide release and output of labor productivity in those countries who have a greater GDP than the other with a greater GNP one. Most of these countries are developing countries and also cause a huge impact on the environment in many industries such as Manufacturing and OEM (original equipment manufacturer).
