張岱的妙藝觀及其妙藝書寫

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Title:	張岱的妙藝觀及其妙藝書寫
Other Titles:	The Idea and Presentation of Miao-yi (Fine Artistry) in Zhang Dai's Writing
Authors:	吳儒芳 Ru-fang Wu
Contributors:	彭錦堂中國文學系
Keywords:	張岱;妙藝;藝觀;藝術觀;文人文化;晚明;藝術性;創造性 Zhang Dai;Miao-yi;the idea of art;late Ming dynasty;art, creativity;Literati Culture
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2015-12-15T07:24:34Z (UTC)
Abstract:	「妙藝」是張岱史學著作《石匱書》中，載記明代書畫家的列傳名稱。除了〈妙藝列傳〉，張岱尚有許多觸及藝或藝人書寫的作品，種類廣泛，從文人階層的作家、書畫家到民間的各類工匠；書寫形式不拘，史傳、詩歌、小品散文皆可見以藝為主題之作。何謂「妙藝」？「妙藝」包含了哪些內容和觀點？其文化和歷史意義為何？將是本論文要探索的問題。　　「妙藝觀」產生於晚明關於「藝」與「道」關係的對立與辯證討論的熱潮中。而「妙藝觀」的特色就在於其脫離了將「藝」／「道」對立的論述方式，而將命題聚焦在「藝」的本身。張岱釐清了「藝」本來在傳統史書中，總是含糊不清的內容和概念，而其「人力」與「天工」的說法，對應了今日所謂「技術性」和「藝術性」的差別，以此拈出「藝」該有的性質，使「妙藝觀」有了現代「藝術」味道。　　本論文由第二章進入論述的正文。第二章為張岱妙藝觀前行的背景知識；第三章介紹張岱筆下各種藝人類別；第四章對張岱在不同文類中的藝觀書寫，進行分析與探究；第五章則為張岱的妙藝觀做統整，並點出妙藝觀的歷史與文化價值。 Miao-yi (understood as fine artistry) is a name derived from the Chronicle of Miao-yi (妙藝列傳), a chapter in the Book of Shikui (石匱書) by Zhang Dai (張岱). It is a collection of biographies of painters and calligraphers in Ming dynasty. In addition to the Chronicle, Zhang has written extensively on art and artists, including scholarly authors, painters, calligraphers, and various craftsmen among the commoners. He was not limited to any particular type of writing format. Art is a recurring topic in his historical accounts, poetry, and short essays. This thesis revolves around questions such as what Miao-yi means; what its propositions and perspectives are; and, how significant it is culturally and historically.　　The idea of Miao-yi was formed late Ming dynasty in the midst of intense debates over the opposition between artistry and rationality (道). Miao-yi stood out with a set of reasoning that differed from the transitional binary view, and, instead, focused the discussion on the value of art itself. Zhang clarified the meaning and concept of artistry, which had been unclear in preceding historical works. The way he distinguished works of inspirations from mere imitations corresponds to the difference between craft and art today. The discussion on the necessary qualities of art in the idea of Miao-yi, to an extent, closely resembles the idea of art in the modern sense.　　The main content of this thesis begins in Chapter 2, which covers the background knowledge essential to understanding Zhang's idea of Miao-yi. Chapter 3 discusses the categories of artists in Zhang's works. Chapter 4 analyzes and discusses Zhang’s views on Miao-yi in various types of writings. Chapter 5 summarizes his idea of Miao-yi and highlights its historical and cultural values.
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