| Abstract: | 創業，對於許多人來說：「是一種夢想以及理想的實現。」過往，有關創業的研究，大多都著重在經濟層面、人格特質、創業績效、創業策略…等面向，顯少人探索創業者的生活世界以及如何學習創業知識。生活世界，一直都是現象學家所關注的焦點。本研究以詮釋現象學的研究方法及態度來探索創業者的生活世界，並且在研究的過程當中，引用了英國哲學家Polanyi默會知識的學習。透過現場參與觀察以及深度訪談，來描寫創業者的生活世界。透過如此的方法，從中了解創業對於創業者的意義是什麼？創業者過往的經驗與學習，又為了創業帶來了什麼樣的想法？創業者在夢想實現的過程當中，當面對原本不熟悉的產業，如何地去學習相關的技術與技藝？創業與生活兩者是完全的切割開來，又或者是相互融合？這些都是本研究所注重的焦點。研究結果發現，第一，創業並不單單是實現夢想，在夢想進行的過程當中必須融入自己的理念、生活世界、生命經驗，如此一來才會將創業賦予意義。在創業的過程，透過創業者自己的思考，將這些理想傳達出去，是創業對於創業者的意義。第二，在創業的過程當中，學習是非常重要的。透過研究發現，相關技藝的學習除了透過書籍、網路…等外顯知識的學習之外，大多數的時候還存在著許多的默會知識的學習。默會知識的傳遞與學習，在本研究當中主要是透過觀察其他同行操作的過程以及透過以自己身體不斷嚐試所領悟出的經驗，並且結合觀察與自身所擁有的經驗，從中完成知識的傳遞與學習。最後，研究者透過默會的方式將研究對象的創業歷程分成五個階段，分別是：「發起想法、計畫、計畫實行、建構、經營。」五個階段的分類，所組成的創業過程，也是研究者在這樣相互觀看彼此的過程當中所得到的知識。
Entrepreneurship is a realization of dream and ideal for most people. However, most studies in past for entrepreneurship used to focus on “the economic, personality, entrepreneurial performance, business strategy ... etc.” and less explorations about entrepreneurs’ life world and how to learn the knowledge for “entrepreneurship” are discussed. Life word is always the focus that phenomenologists concern about. In this study, we use the method and spirit of phenomenology to explore the life word of entrepreneurs. Beside, we also use the learning of British philosopher Polanyi’ Tactic Knowledge and describe there’s life word by participations and depth interviews. By those methods mention above, we could realize what the meanings of entrepreneurship are for entrepreneurs, and what views will also bring to entrepreneurs from the past experience and leaning. Furthermore, to entrepreneurs, how to learn the relational skills and artistries when they are in unfamiliar industry. Do entrepreneurship and life should be separated extremely or merged mutually? This all what we concern with in this study. The results show: First, entrepreneurship is not only realizing dreams but also adding in ideas of phenomenologist, life word and experience of life that could endow the meaning in, and it is also the meaning for entrepreneurs by conveying there ideas with beliefs when in process of entrepreneurship. Second, learning is important in entrepreneurship not only by explicit knowledge such as books, internet, but also exits many Tactic Knowledge in most time. In this study, we accomplish the learning and propagation of knowledge by observing process of operations with entrepreneurs in the same industry, realizing what we experienced, and combing those above. In the last, researchers cut the process of entrepreneurship by Tactic Knowledge into five steps that are “beginning of ideas, plans, realization of plan , construction of idea and operations” which give researcher knowledge in this process |
