| 摘要: | 摘要 安置機構為兒少保護的最後一道防線。機構安置少年帶著原生家庭中的議題生活在安置機構這個特殊的脈絡當中，又面臨逐漸轉換至需要自食其力的成人階段，因此安置少年復原力便是協助其對抗逆境與邁向良好適應的關鍵。復原力提及環境形塑可協助個體滋長復原力，另外，歸屬感與多元參與機會是過往研究中，被認為使安置少年邁向成功適應的因素之一。因此，本研究旨在探討中彰投地區之機構安置少年的歸屬感、多元參與機會與復原力的相關性，以及歸屬感與多元參與機會對機構安置少年的復原力是否存在預測力。 本研究為實證研究，研究對象為台中、彰化與南投地區目前居於衛生福利部管理之安置機構，並且年滿12歲之機構安置少年。以問卷普查的方式郵寄或親自至安置機構施測，共回收264份問卷，回收率達93.62%。綜合研究結論如下：壹、本研究之研究對象以男性、全職在學、有宗教信仰者居多，約佔五至六成。在安置歷程方面，以無寄養經驗、未轉換過安置機構、居於現安置機構五年以上者居多，佔四至六成。貳、在歸屬感部分，機構安置少年所感知的安全感高於認同感，且值得注意的是，其生理安全高於心理安全。參、多元參與機會部分，機構安置少年認為獲得在安置機構當中最能獲得休閒參與機會，其次依序為社交維持機會、自主管理機會，但對職業發展相關機會獲得程度較少。肆、復原力部分，機構安置少年的問題解決能力最佳，其餘依次為人際能力、計劃能力、樂觀、效能感，而堅持力部分則為大多數機構安置少年認為最缺乏之部分。伍、機構安置少年因個人資料不同，在歸屬感、多元參與機會與復原力中呈現顯著差異。陸、機構安置少年因所在之安置機構概況不同，在歸屬感、多元參與機會中呈現顯著差異。柒、機構安置少年歸屬感、多元參與機會皆與復原力呈現正相關。捌、機構安置少年基本資料、歸屬感、多元參與機會可預測復原力。關鍵詞：機構安置少年、復原力、歸屬感、多元參與機會
AbstractThe residential institution is the last defense line for adolescent protection. Those young people bring themselves with issues from original families to the present institutions of special stage of life, facing to transferring another stage of self-independence. Therefore, the resilience for those adolescents is the key to the assistance to cope with adversity and to move forward appropriate adjustment. The resilience mentions environmental shaping which helps individual growth. Besides, the belongingness and multiple participation Opportunities, in the study before, are regarded as part of the successful factors for adolescent residential Institutions. The purpose of the study focuses on the three related aspects in Taichung, Changhua, and Nantou areas, which are the belongingness, multiple participation Opportunities, and resilience, including observing the former two are predictable factors to the latter. The study presents in evidential ways. The objects are the adolescents, who are more than 12 years, in the three areas above under the management of the Health and Welfare Department. The questionnaires are sent by mail, or the author visits the institutions in person to do the questionnaires. In total 264 sheets are reclaimed, reaching to 93.62%. The general conclusion is summarized as following: I.Most of the objects of the study are males, full-time students, and those who have religions faith, covering 50-60%. In the residential process, most of them have no experience of being entrusted or being transferred, and they live in the present institutions for more than five years, covering 40-60%.II.As to the belongingness, the sense of security is higher than that of identification, and it is noticeable that physical security is higher than psychological security.III.As to multiple participation opportunities, among the adolescents in the institutions, the most opportunity they think they can obtain is leisure or amusement, followed by the opportunities of social relationship, and self-management, but lower is the level of the opportunity of career development.IV.As to resilience, the adolescents in institutions perform the best ability to solve problems, followed by relationship ability, planning ability, optimism, sense of effectiveness, and they assume the weakest part for themselves is the ability of persistence.V.It is because of different personal data that makes remarkable differences in belongingness, multiple participation opportunities, and resilience.VI.It is because of different conditions in institutions for adolescents that makes remarkable differences in belongingness and multiple participation opportunities.VII.The belongingness of the adolescent institutions and multiple participation opportunities present a positive proportion with each other.VIII.The resilience is predictable and expectable in accordance with the basic personal data of the adolescents in situations, belongingness, and multiple participation opportunities.Key words: Adolescents in Residential Institutions, resilience, belongingness, Multiple Participation Opportunities |
