| Abstract: | 為瞭解工業密集區大氣懸浮微粒特性及其潛在來源，本研究於2016年12月至2018年2月間於工業密集區，同時以十階及三階微孔均勻沉積衝擊器 (Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, MOUDI)進行四季之大氣懸浮微粒採樣，並將採集之微粒樣本進行質量濃度量測與水溶性離子、金屬及戴奧辛組成分析，以探討工業密集區大氣微粒之濃度變化、化學組成特性及粒徑分布，最後再利用主成分分析解析大氣懸浮微粒之潛在來源。研究結果顯示：採樣期間大氣懸浮微粒於粗微粒 (>1.8 μm)、細微粒 (0.1-1.8 μm)及超細微粒 (<0.1 μm)質量濃度分別介於3.70~20.83 μg/m3、5.09~28.47 μg/m3及1.16~11.34 μg/m3間，其平均濃度分別為13.60 μg/m3、14.38 μg/m3及3.44 μg/m3。大氣微粒之粒徑分布大多呈雙峰及三峰分布，於秋、冬兩季主峰主要位於細微粒上，於春季及夏季主峰則主要位於粗微粒上。大氣懸浮微粒化學組成方面，微粒中之水溶性離子以NO3-、Cl-及SO42-為優勢物種。微粒上Na+、NH4+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-及SO42-均呈單峰分布，K+及NO3-則呈現雙峰分布。於粗微粒及細微粒上主要金屬元素分別依序為Fe > Al > K > Mg > Ca > Na及Al > K > Na > Ca > Fe > Mg。採樣期間大氣微粒之戴奧辛濃度介於0.0006~0.0017 pg I-TEQ/Nm3，濃度平均值為0.001 pg I-TEQ/Nm3。此外，由主成分分析結果顯示大氣懸浮微粒主要由海鹽飛沫、衍生性污染物、交通排放、工業製程、生質燃燒、土壤及地表揚塵所貢獻。
Atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) were collected in an industry intensive region in central Taiwan in order to investigate the characteristics and possible sources of PMs. The samplings were simultaneously conducted by using 10 and 3 stage Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) in four seasons from December 2016 to February 2018. In this study, characteristics of PMs in this region were evaluated by measuring the mass concentration of PMs and analyzing the water-soluble ions, metal elements and dioxins. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the potential sources of PMs. The results showed that the concentration of coarse (>1.8 μm), fine (0.1-1.8 μm) and ultrafine (<0.1 μm) particles ranged from 3.70~20.83 μg/m3, 5.09~28.47 μg/m3 and 1.16~11.34 μg/m3, respectively. Mean concentration of PMs were 13.60, 14.38, 3.44 μg/m3 for coarse, fine and ultrafine particles during sampling periods. In the industry intensive region, the size distribution of ambient particles showed bi-modal and tri-modal distribution. The size distribution of PMs were mainly contributed by coarse particles in spring and summer, while fine particles were dominant species in autumn and winter. The dominant water-soluble ions of PMs were NO3-, Cl- and SO42-. The size distributions of Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- exihibited unimodal distribution, while only K+ and NO3- displayed bimodal distributions. The order of major metal elements of coarse and fine particles was Fe > Al > K > Mg > Ca > Na and Al > K > Na > Ca > Fe > Mg, respectively. The concentration of dioxins in the atmosphere ranged from 0.0006~0.0017 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, and mean concentration of dioxins was 0.001 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the contribution to PMs were associated with sea salt, secondary pollutants, traffic emissions, biomass burning, industrial process and road dust. |
