| Abstract: | 生態網絡廣泛應用於植物與授粉者間和植物與植食者間的交互關係。植物與叢枝菌根菌 (AMF) 間有最廣泛與悠久的共生關係，直到2012年方有研究指出兩者群落間的交互關係是高嵌套與低模塊網絡。本研究目的為：一、調查冷溫帶針葉森林優勢植物的AMF多樣性；二、探討森林生態系植物與AMF的生態網絡結構屬性；三、比較同棲地的孢子植物/裸子植物/被子植物分類群、外生菌根/非外生菌根植物和真菌異營植物/自營植物的AMF群落差異。本研究於2017年以次世代定序分析合歡山鐵冷杉混合林的台灣鐵杉、台灣冷杉、玉山箭竹、苔類、蕨類、毛刺懸鉤子、台灣鬼督郵，水晶蘭與阿里山水晶蘭9類優勢植物的根內AMF多樣性，獲得1,586,277條有效序列，分屬3目6屬，54個AMF的VT。林內的玉山箭竹、苔類、水晶蘭與阿里山水晶蘭有最高AMF多樣性有45個VT，最低的是台灣鐵杉有6個VT。NODF和WNODF的統計結果均支持林內植物與AMF為嵌套網絡。其次，ANOSIM分析，孢子植物、裸子植物與被子植物間的AMF群落組成僅後二者有顯著差異。外生菌根植物與非外生菌根植物的AMF群落組成有顯著差異，前者AMF的豐度和豐富度均低於後者。真菌異營植物與自營植物的AMF群落組成未有顯著差異。本研究支持台灣冷溫帶森林生態系植物與AMF間具有高度連結性的嵌套網路，植物間高度共享AMF夥伴，使森林有穩定AMF菌種庫，有利於植物與AMF的生存適應和生態系的穩定。
Ecological network is used to analyze plant–herbivore and plant–pollinator interactions. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are the most ancestral and widespread plant–AMF mutualisms. Whereas plant–AMF network is reported to be a high nested and low modular structure until 2012. To date, there is still few information about plant–AMF network. The aims of this study were: (i) to know the AMF diversity of the dominant plant species in a cold–temperate coniferous forest; (ii) to describe the plant–AMF network structure; (iii) to compare the AMF similarity among cryptogam, gymnosperm and angiosperm, between ectomycorrhizal (EM) plant and non–EM plant, and between mycoheterotrophy and autotrophy in this habitat. This study was conducted in Tsuga chinensis–Abies kawakamii forest, he–huan mountain. Using next generation sequencing to analyze T. chinensis, A. kawakamii, Yushania niitakayamensis, moss, fern, Rubus pungens, Ainsliaea latifolia, Monotropastrum humile and M. macrocarpa. In total, the 1,586,277 effective tags were identified as 54 AMF VT (virtual taxa) belonged to 3 orders, 6 genera. The NODF and WNODF values supported that plant–AMF network were nested structure in this forest. Second, ANOSIM result showed that the AMF community composition among cryptogam, gymnosperm and angiosperm, only of gymnosperm and angiosperm were significantly different. AMF community composition of EM and non–EM plant were significantly different and the AMF abundance and richness of EM plant was lower than non–EM plant. AMF community had no differ between mycoheterotrophy and autotrophy. This study report that plant–AMF network are high connectance and nested in cold–temperate forest ecosystem. Through high sharing AMF among plants, there is a stable AMF species pool in forest. It contributes to the adaptation and survival of plant and AMF, and stability of the ecosystem. |
