乳白南方招潮雄蟹的求偶成功與受營養狀況影響的大螯紫外光訊號之研究

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Title:	乳白南方招潮雄蟹的求偶成功與受營養狀況影響的大螯紫外光訊號之研究
Other Titles:	Studies on Courtship Success of Male Fiddler Crab, Austruca lactea and the Nutritionally-Affected UV Signal on the Major Claw
Authors:	陳昱玄 CHEN, YU-SHIUAN
Contributors:	林惠真 LIN, HUI-CHEN 生命科學系
Keywords:	乳白南方招潮蟹;紫外光訊號;求偶成功 Austruca lactea;ultraviolet signal;courtship success;fiddler crab
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-03-21T09:01:06Z (UTC)
Abstract:	近年來，有關招潮蟹求偶成功的研究大多以地下交配過程中的影響因子為主，例如雄蟹揮螯方式、雄蟹揮螯頻率、大螯的可見光訊號、洞穴外建築物、洞穴品質等因子；但是，卻只有一篇研究報告與大螯上的紫外光訊號和雄蟹求偶成功有關。在本實驗室過去的研究中，發現乳白南方雄蟹大螯上的紫外光亮度顯著高於身體其他部位，其紫外光亮度更遠高於目前已發表文獻中其它兩種招潮蟹的大螯。因此，本研究的第一個實驗為探討極高的紫外光亮度是否會影響乳白南方招潮蟹的求偶成功。另外，當我利用定積分重新分析之前實驗室超過百隻個體的測光資料時，發現野外乳白南方招潮雄蟹大螯上的紫外光亮度有相當程度的變異。文獻也指出動物的生殖投資和性擇相關的視覺訊號都會受到自身營養狀況的影響。因此，本研究第二個實驗為測試乳白南方雄蟹大螯上的紫外光亮度是否受到食物量供給的影響。本實驗的設計為在乳白南方招潮蟹的繁殖季節，於大肚溪口旁的灘地設置實驗樣區，利用防曬噴霧對雄蟹的大螯進行處理，將雄蟹設置成兩個處理組，分別為大螯紫外光正常表達和紫外光被抑制的雄蟹組別。接著人工釋放雌蟹後，記錄雌蟹對於不同雄蟹組別的選擇。另外，也在灘地架設十八個雄蟹飼養樣區，並分成三組食物量處理組。我在飼養雄蟹三個禮拜後將雄蟹帶回實驗室進行測光分析。實驗結果發現大螯上的紫外光訊號會影響乳白南方招潮雄蟹的求偶成功。當只有一隻雄蟹時，不論有無紫外光訊號都能夠成功吸引雌蟹；但當兩隻雄蟹同時出現時，紫外光亮度較高的雄蟹在求偶時比較佔優勢。食物量較充足時，雄蟹大螯上的紫外光亮度也較高。本研究支持乳白南方招潮雌蟹能夠透過大螯的紫外光亮度去評估雄蟹的營養狀況，以做出求偶有利的選擇之論點。同時也證實大螯紫外光訊號是影響乳白南方招潮蟹求偶的因子之一，且為歷年來招潮蟹性擇研究中最新的記錄。 In recent years, the studies about courtship success of fiddler crabs are mostly the factors affecting underground mating. There are some factors that affect female choice, including the types of claw-waving, claw-waving frequency, visible and ultraviolet signals of major claw, hood structures, and burrow quality. However, only one study focused on ultraviolet signals of major claw and courtship success of male fiddler crabs. From a pilot test in our laboratory, we obtained the body reflectance of Austruca lactea, and found that ultraviolet brightness on their major claw was the highest among the parts of the body measured and the UV brightness was higher than two other fiddler crab species reported in the literature. Hence, in this study, I examined whether the UV brightness of major claw influence A. lactea courtship success. When I analyzed the previous data from our lab again by definite integral, I found the UV brightness in A. lactea varied among individuals. Previous studies showed that reproductive investment and visual signal may be related to the body condition and food intake of individuals. Thus, I tested the hypothesis if food availability can affect UV brightness. During the summer 2016 to 2018, I conducted two experiments in Dadu estuary wetland, and I prepared sunscreen for different treatments. Upon the release of the female fiddler crabs, I recorded the choice by females among different treatments. And in my second experiment, I set up eighteen rearing boxes in the Dadu mudflat for three levels of food treatments. After keeping male A. lactea for three weeks, I obtained the UV brightness for all male crabs in the laboratory. My results showed that UV signal on the major claw significantly influenced A. lactea courtship success. When there was only one male, regardless of having UV signal or not, the male can attract female successfully. But when two males appeared at the same time, male with higher UV brightness on the major claw is advantaged. In addition, when food availability is sufficient, male crabs with good body condition will have higher UV brightness. My study supported the hypothesis that females can assess male body condition to make the best choice during courtship. I also provided evidence that UV signal being one of factors for the courtship of A. lactea and this is the newest research in the sexual selection of fiddler crabs over the years.
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