台灣工業遺產保存及活化過程中的社區參與：以中興紙廠為例

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Title:	台灣工業遺產保存及活化過程中的社區參與：以中興紙廠為例
Other Titles:	Community Participation in Conserving and Revitalizing Industrial Heritage in Taiwan: The case of Chung Hsing Paper Mill.
Authors:	吳芳瑜 WU,FANG-YU
Contributors:	薛孟琪 HSUEH,MENG-CHI 建築學系
Keywords:	文化創意產業園區;再利用策略;工業遺產;社區參與 Cultural and Creative Industry Park;Reuse Strategy;Industrial Heritage;Community Participation
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-03-21T09:04:34Z (UTC)
Abstract:	工業遺產的文化內涵不同於一般的文化資產，有其獨特的產業脈絡、職工的勞動記憶以及居民建構的生活記憶。當閒置的工業遺產面臨活化、再利用時，公部門常試圖將其轉型為文化創意產業園區，希冀藉由觀光消費來提振地方經濟。然而，學者們已指出此種自上而下的再利用策略普遍缺乏明確的發展定位、舉辦的活動無法與在地資源連結甚至未能讓周邊居民產生新的認同感等。這些問題關乎影響工業遺產可否持續保存、發展，居民參與實際上在遺產活化的過程中扮演著舉足輕重的角色，既有研究卻鮮少由地方社群的觀點檢視工業遺產的再利用策略。筆者聚焦於探討在中興紙廠轉型為中興文化創意園區的過程中，「大二結基金會」與「中興文創三村促進會」這兩個息息相關的地方團體各持何種不同態度、並以何種不同的方式參與中興紙廠工業遺產的保存與活化。筆者從這兩個地方團體的成立背景、與公部門的互動關係等面向切入，採用非結構式訪談與無干預觀察法，以瞭解當前台灣民眾參與工業遺產保存所面臨的困境、分析其原因並提出建言。本研究結果發現宜蘭縣文化局在推行計畫的過程中，忽略具凝聚性的社區行動以及熟悉在地資源的居民所詮釋的中興紙廠價值，最終遂產生地方社群無法認同中興文化創意園區的情況。對此，筆者認為公部門應更具包容性的站在居民的立場思考、建立有效的溝通的管道。經綜整分析後，本研究所得的結論為以下五項：一、不可輕忽地方社群團體的重要性，否則會影響施行工業遺產再利用策略的可行性。二、政府機關在工業遺產活化過程多擔任決策者的角色，主管人員應秉持積極的態度，以免影響工業遺產再利用策略的時程與成效。三、不論工殤或是生活記憶等由職工或居民立場的詮釋皆有助於傳承遺產的歷史價值，也能夠促進居民對園區建立新的認同感。四、地方團體的參與可協助營運單位統整地方文史資源，幫助園區建構自身的特殊性。五、工業遺產活化過程應以公私協力的方式建構民眾參與工業遺產的溝通機制，建立居民對新場域共同維護的概念，確保工業遺產保存的可持續性。 Unlike general cultural heritage, industrial heritage carries different cultural meanings and features a unique industrial context, workers’ labor memories, and life memories created by residents. However, when dealing with revitalization of industrial heritage, the government often take it as a strategy for boosting the local economy, seeking to convert the revitalized field into a tourist attraction as a way to improve the environment. With regard to the from-top-to-bottom reuse strategies, scholars have pointed out that the revitalized field may lack a direction for development, local connections, and support of residents. These problems may be critical to whether the industrial heritage can be continuously preserved. Scholars have also highlighted the importance of resident participation, viewing it as one of the approaches to continuous preservation of cultural heritage. The extant research has seldom examined the reuse strategies for industrial heritage from a local community perspective. This study used Chung Hsing Paper Mill as an example. From its transformation process into Chung Hsing Cultural and Creative Park, relationships with local community groups, and programs and activities executed in recent years, this study investigated the problems faced by Chung Hsing Cultural and Creative Park when two major local community groups—one is Daerjie Cultural Foundation which has rich experiences of preserving cultural and historical heritage and has maintained a cooperative relationship with the Park, and the other is Chung Hsing Cultural and Creative San Cun Association established to oppose the programs initiated by the Park—hold largely different attitudes towards the Park’s activities. Using unstructured interview and non-interventional observation methods, this study attempted to gain an insight into the difficulties in promoting resident participation in preservation of industrial heritage. Results showed that in the execution of the revitalization program, the Cultural Affairs Bureau of Yilan County Government overlooked the importance of cohesion-strengthening community actions and the value of Chung Hsing Paper Mill interpreted by residents who were familiar with local resources. As a result, the Chung Hsing Cultural and Creative Park has had a hard time garnering support from local community groups. This study suggested that the the government concerned should explore what residents are worried about from varying perspectives and manage to build trust and understanding with them. This study has revealed five main findings as follows: (1) The diversity of local communities can add value to the strategy of industrial heritage reuse; (2) Industrial Heritage revitalize process, the role of the Government in influencing the reuse strategy is very effective; (3) The reuse strategy of industrial heritage can add content to the life of workers and residents; (4) The impact of local communities should not be neglected in the process of industrial heritage revitalize;(5) Should establish an action research framework for enhancing community participation in planning and management of industrial Heritage.
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