農村留守兒童隔代家庭照顧模式研究

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题名:	農村留守兒童隔代家庭照顧模式研究
其它题名:	Study on the Intergenerational Family Care Pattern of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas
作者:	馮元 FENG,YUAN
贡献者:	王篤強;呂朝賢 WANG,DUU-CHIANG;LEU,CHAO-HSIEN 社會工作學系
关键词:	農村留守兒童;隔代家庭照顧;社會工作;生態系統;兒童福利 Left-behind children in rural areas;Intergenerational family care;Social work;Ecosystem;Child welfare
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-03-21T09:04:38Z (UTC)
摘要:	本研究為多個案研究，通過訪談法和直接觀察法，進行質性資料收集，探討農村留守兒童的隔代家庭照顧的形成原因、基本模式和主要影響。研究者于2018年7月至8月採用立意取樣方法在湖南省瀏陽市的雙橋村、八角亭村、澗江河村選取了18個農村留守兒童家庭進行研究。研究結果發現：（1）農村留守兒童的隔代家庭照顧的主要成因是父母外出務工、父母婚姻變動、家庭生育二胎、城市社會排斥；（2）農村留守兒童的隔代家庭照顧的基本模式有父代雙親支持型祖代雙親照顧模式、父代單親支持型祖代雙親照顧模式、父代無支持型祖代雙親照顧模式和父代單親支持型祖代單親照顧模式；（3）隔代家庭照顧的影響具有多面性和多樣性，對留守兒童而言，對營養、健康和安全保障上產生的影響較令人滿意，但在他們的心理關愛、學業輔導方面的影響較令人擔憂；對隔代照顧者而言，家庭經濟條件、自身身體健康狀況、隔代照顧時長及受照顧兒童年齡會影響其照顧壓力和照顧品質；對隔代照顧家庭而言，祖代參與隔代照顧可能促進代際互動和代際團結，但也可能導致家庭陷入經濟緊張狀態乃至貧困狀態。本研究認為兒童留守農村將是中國大陸社會轉型過程中長期存在的社會問題，需要在實務層面擴展農村留守兒童接收服務的路徑，積極引入以家庭為中心的社會工作干預策略，注重以農村留守兒童的家庭為服務輸送場域，加強親子關係輔導和面向貧困留守兒童家庭提供直接服務和干預。 This study is a multi-case study exploring the causes, basic patterns and main influences of intergenerational family care for rural left-behind children through interviews, direct observations and qualitative data collection. From July to August 2018, the researcher selected 18 rural left-behind children’s families in Shuangqiao Village, Bajiaoting Village and Jianjianghe Village of Liuyang City, Hunan Province by purposive sampling for research. The study found that: (1) The main causes of intergenerational family care for rural left-behind children are migrant parent workers, marriage changes, birth of a second child, and urban social exclusion; (2) The basic models of inter-generational family care for rural left-behind children include the parent-supported ancestral parental care model, the single-parent-supported ancestral parental care model, the parent-unsupported ancestral parental care model and the single-parent-supported ancestral single parental care model; (3) Family care in skipped generation families have multi-faceted and diverse influences. For left-behind children, the impact on nutrition, health and safety is relatively satisfactory, while it is relatively worrying in their psychological care and academic counseling. For the intergenerational caregivers, their financial capacity, their physical health, the length of care and the age of the children being taken care of will affect their care pressure and quality of care. For skipped generation families, the grandparental care may promote intergenerational interaction and unity, but it may also leads to family economic instability and even poverty. This study explores that children staying in rural areas will be a long-standing social problem in the process of social transformation in mainland China. It is necessary to expand the path of rural left-behind children receiving services at the practical level, actively introduce family-based social work intervention strategies, and focus on rural left-behind children’s families as the service field, to strengthen parent-child relationship counseling and provide direct services and interventions for families of poor left-behind children.
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