| Abstract: | 隨著氣候變遷日趨嚴重造成人類在地球居住的生活環境產生了危機，各國為了減少全球溫室氣體的產生，提倡綠色建築、永續發展和節能減碳是世界許多國家近年積極推動的重要議題。而全球溫室氣體的產生中因建築物相關CO2排放量的產生因子主要來自有化石燃料的使用以及電力的消耗使用。本論文的研究目的為探索溫室氣體中CO2相關的排放量因子與建築物相關可減緩氣候變遷專利技術的生成二者之間的關聯性。因專利生成可作為一個國家創新技術發展與軟實力的指標之一，進而審視各國為了減少產生溫室氣體中CO2排放量因子所付出的努力。在本研究分別蒐集了自1994年至2015年兩種主要與建築物有關產生溫室氣體CO2排放量因子的數據資料，分別為化石燃料產生的二氧化碳年總量和電力消耗年總量，並從其中找出高排放量的國家。進一步針對這些高排放量的國家蒐集了他們自1994年至2017年間的專利生成數(申請總量)，最後選擇專利生成數高的三個高排放量國家，分別是中國、美國和日本作為研究的對象。本研究使用以基因演算法為基礎並採用處理連續數值型態的資料探勘方法，並在高支持度與高信賴度的前提下，將產生因子分為(1)來自化石燃料的CO2 (2)來自電力消耗的CO2和(3) 來自化石燃料與來自電力消耗的CO2，將這三者分別與建築物相關可減緩氣候變遷專利生成進行關聯分析，並在此研究中特別做時間上的延遲處理以便進行關聯探索。本論文的研究結果中可以探索出，在高支持度與高信賴度下，中國、美國和日本在建築物相關可減緩氣候變遷CPC-Y02B分類下的所有專利項目個數分別為22、65與70，而且在不同因子情況下的關聯結果並沒有差別。從結果也可以檢視出，在專利產出有時間延遲前提下所探勘出來的專利項目，其申請數量並不一定是最高，而是穩定且持續在每年有申請的專利比較會被探勘出來。最後從探勘的結果可歸納出在CPC-Y02B主目的分布數量中，以美國最多、日本次之而中國最少。
Increasingly severe climate change causes crises in people’s living environment on the globe, in order to reduce the production of greenhouse gases all over the globe, advocating green buildings, sustainable development, energy-saving and carbon reduction is an important issue many countries around the world have actively promoted in recent years. Among all the global greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions related to buildings are mainly from utilization of fossil fuels and electricity consumption. The research purpose of this thesis is to explore whether there is the association between CO2 emissions in greenhouse gases and generation of patented technology for mitigating climate change related to buildings. For the generation of patent can be used as an index of national innovative technology development and soft power, thus indicating different countries’ efforts on reducing CO2 emissions in greenhouse gases. This study collected two kinds of data of CO2 emissions in greenhouse gases mainly related to buildings between 1994 and 2015, respectively total annual CO2 production generated from fossil fuels and total annual electricity consumption, and found out the high-emission countries. Furthermore, this research collected total patent applications of these high-emission countries between 1994 and 2017, and in the end, selected three high-emission countries with large number of patents generated as the research objects, namely China, the U.S., and Japan. This study adopted the genetic algorithm-based, data mining approach which is used to process continuous numeric patterns, under the conditions of high support and high confidence, and divided the generation factors into (1) CO2 from fossil fuels, (2) CO2 from electricity consumption and (3) CO2 from fossil fuels and electricity consumption. Association analysis was respectively conducted between these three factors and generation of patented technology for mitigating climate change related to buildings and time delay processes were specially carried out in this study for association exploration. This paper demonstrated that, with high support and high confidence, the numbers of all patents under the category of CPC-Y02B of mitigating climate change related to buildings for China, the U.S., and Japan are respectively 22, 65 and 70. With different factors, there was no difference in the association results. Regarding the patents explored under the condition of time delay for patent generation, the number of applications may not be the largest but is stable and continuous in the applied patents that may be explored each year. According to the results, the U.S. has the highest distribution in the category of CPC-Y02B, followed by Japan, and China being the lowest. |
