近年來 ，藥用菇類越來越受到重視，其含有的多種生理活性都被證明對人體有益，本研究計畫分別比較不同菇類的生理活性含量 並針對靈芝做進一步的 研究，包括 濃度 、時間及生物反應器培養，探討菇類固態發酵菌絲體生長與生理活性生成 的影響。 另外，也將豆渣回收再利用於固態發酵中。研究 共分為三部分，第一部分比較不同菇類的菌絲體生長及生理活性的生成，發現麥角固醇、蛋白質、捕捉 DPPH自由基能力、還原力以及總多酚 表現最好的分別是木耳 (0.286mg/g)、雲芝 (152.1mg/g)、杏鮑菇 (109.9%)、香菇 (700nm吸收值1.58)以及靈芝 (3.03mg/g)，此部分也針對異黃酮的生物轉換做分析討論 ，期望利用真菌培養將異黃酮糖苷轉換成異黃酮糖苷配基 ，結果 顯示真菌無法成功轉換，在生長過程中也有消耗異黃酮的現象 。第二部分探討 不同成分的添加物（綠茶、醋酸鈉、番茄汁、胡蘿蔔汁）對靈芝豆渣發酵生理活性生成的影響，結果發現：除了綠茶以外，其他三種添加物對固態發酵沒有正面效果，甚至有抑制的現象。接著改用不同綠茶粉末濃度進行固態添加物與靈芝豆渣發酵培養 ，綠茶粉末的添加有效提升靈芝 產生粗三萜，當添加濃度為 2g/80g 培養基 時有 5.02mg/g的生成量，是控制組的 3.61倍，但在抗氧化方面並無明顯正面的影響。第三部分為設計強制通氣 多層板 式 反應器， 作為規模放大生產基礎探討 設 計兩種不同通氣量1mL/min、 0.75mL/min 實驗結果顯示， 通氣量大小明顯影響靈芝菌絲體生長之情形，當通氣量大時有利於其生長。而 當通氣量為 1mL/min時， 比起傳統固態發酵培養 也 更有助於粗三萜的合成 ，培養兩週的粗三萜生成量就已達到 4.57mg/g D.W.，是傳統固態發酵培養在六週時有最大值的 2.6倍 。 Medicinal mushrooms have received more and more attention recently, and their various bioactive compounds have been proved to be beneficial to the human body. The aim of this study was to explore the physiological activity content of different mushrooms and different solid-state fermentation with various concentrations, time in different types of bioreactor for the mycelium growth and metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum. In addition, soy residues (Okara) were reused as the medium in solid-state fermentation.This study could be categorized into three parts. In the first part, the bioactive compounds of different mushroom fermented products were explored. The highest levels of various bioactive compounds in different fermented products were described as follows: ergosterol of 0.286mg/g D.W. in Auricularia auricula, protein content of 152.1mg/g D.W. in Coriolus versicolor, scavenging of DPPH of 109.9% in Pleurotus eryngii, reducing power absorbance of 1.58 in Lentinus edodes, and polyphenol of 3.03mg/g D.W in Ganoderma lucidum. Secondly, four different types of additives sodium acetate, tomato juice, carrot juice and green tea were used as an inducer or precursor to increase the bioactive compounds production of Ganoderma lucidum. The results show that only green tea was found to have a positive effect on the formation of bioactive compounds. Different amounts of green tea powder were added in the solid state fermentation, and green tea powder of 2g/80g medium could effectively increase production of crude triterpenoid to the concentration of 5.02mg/g D.W., and was 3.61 times higher than the control. Finally, a novel bioreactor with forced aeration was designed for solid-state fermentation. High aeration rate was demonstrated to enhance the production of bioactive compounds and the mycelia growth. The novel bioreactor could be used for the large-scale production in the future.
