| Abstract: | 近年來，金屬奈米粒子已經在不同的領域中被廣泛的研究和應用，但是這些奈米材料通常都是使用毒性較高的化學合成方法來製造，研發一種具經濟效益且對環境友善的合成方法也逐漸被重視，因此本研究取用了五種常見抗氧化能力佳的天然植物作為實驗素材，其中包含三種易取得的食品廢棄物（酪梨籽、洋蔥皮、檸檬皮）以及兩種食材（茶葉、綠豆），將其萃取液當作還原劑，在室溫中簡單的合成金奈米粒子（AuNPs）。本研究主要分為五個部分：(1) 經過製程調整發現洋蔥皮萃取液可以獲得穩定且SERS效果最佳的金奈米粒子，也因為植物萃取液中含有的天然穩定劑成份，使得粒子有非常高的穩定性，可以長時間的保存。(2) 將洋蔥皮萃取液合成之金奈米粒子作為表面增強拉曼散射（SERS）的基材，並用來檢測低濃度的DTNB、4-MBA、R6G分子，可以檢測到濃度為10-16 M的分子；同時也可以在模擬狀況下測得蘋果表皮殘留的農藥訊號。(3) 對細菌標準菌株與臨床菌株進行檢測，透過與主成份分析法(PCA)的結合，在臨床上能更快、更準確的分析感染的微生物種類，使醫生能提供病患更即時的治療。(4) 對此金奈米粒子做其他應用的測試，例如：抗生素協同抗菌特性及細胞毒性實驗，證實了綠色合成金奈米粒子確實具有良好的生物相容性。(5) 前述的實驗證實了洋蔥皮合成金奈米粒子確實具有低成本、穩定及環保無毒等優勢，但為了比較綠色與化學合成方法在應用上是否有差異，本階段使用了L-Ascorbic acid合成了一組具最佳SERS效果的金奈米粒子，經過比對後發現綠色合成粒子在應用性方面皆與化學合成粒子接近，但綠色合成粒子的高度穩定性與無毒性則是完全勝過化學合成粒子。此研究證明此綠色合成金奈米粒子可以提供相對較無毒且穩定的應用，是一種對生態及環境友善的製造方法，因此在未來發展上非常適合應用此金奈米粒子在食品、化妝品、生物醫學工程、生物技術等更多的相關領域。
In recent years, metallic nanoparticles have been widely studied and applied in various fields, but these nano materials are usually synthesied with highly toxic chemicals. Thus, the development of a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis method has gradually being valued. Therefore, this study used five natural plants with good antioxidant capacity as experimental materials, including three kinds of food waste (avocado seeds, onion peel, lemon peel) and two easily available ingredients (Green tea, mung beans). Natural plant extracts are used as reducing agent to simply synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at room temperature.1. After the process adjustment, it is found that the onion peel extract can obtain nanoparticles with the most stable and best SERS effect, and because the plant extract contains nature stabilizing components, which increased the stability and prolonged the storage of particles. 2. The gold nanoparticles synthesized by the onion peel extract are used as a substrate for Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) which enables to detect DTNB, 4-MBA, and R6G molecules at the concentrations as low as 10-16 M; at the same time, the spectra signals of remaining pesticide on the apple peels can be measured.3. Testing of standard and clinical microbial strains, the SERS measurement combination with principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to analyze infected microorganisms more quickly and accurately. 4. Other applications of green sybthesized gold nanoparticles, such as synergistic effect on antibiotic-antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity test, have achieved nice results, and confirmed the biocompatibility of the green synthetic gold nanoparticles.5. The above experiments confirmed that the onion peel synthetic gold nanoparticles do have the advantages of low cost, stability, environmental friendliness and non-toxicity. For comparisions, chemical synthesis particles were prepared by using L-Ascorbic acidand the SERS ehancebility of particles were measured. The results found that the green synthesis particles showed silmilar SERS enhancebility to the chemical synthetic particles in terms of applicability, but the storage stability and non-toxicity were good in all green synthetic particles groups when compared with the chemical synthetic particles group.This study demonstrates that the green synthetic gold nanoparticle can provide a relatively low or non-toxic and prolonge storageperiod upto 7 weeks. The synthetic method is an ecologically and environmental-friendly manufacturing method, and therefore green synthesized nanoparticles may suitable for food, cosmetics, biomedical engineering, biotechnology and many other fields. |
