可以借點光嗎? 結網型蜘蛛藉網上螢火蟲光訊號誘捕獵物

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题名:	可以借點光嗎? 結網型蜘蛛藉網上螢火蟲光訊號誘捕獵物
其它题名:	Can I borrow a “light”? Captured firefly bioluminescence acts as a visual lure in web-spinning spiders
作者:	葉昊然 Yip, Ho Yin
贡献者:	卓逸民 Tso, I-Min 生命科學系
关键词:	bait-fishing;male-bias predation;predator-prey interaction;communication
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-12-16T03:00:17Z (UTC)
摘要:	捕食者會利用生物光來誘捕獵物的方式非常多樣，像蕈蚊幼體、螢火蟲等都會用自身的訊號去吸引及捕捉昆蟲或特異性的訊號。蜘蛛除了利用體色視覺訊號外，也會使用其他捕食者身上的訊號以誘捕獵獵物。前人觀察指出，結網型蜘蛛可在短時間內捕獲大量雄性螢火蟲，這些訊號會持續維持在蛛網上。為探討蜘蛛是否藉捕捉到的發光獵物之訊號來誘捕獵物，我們以鎖孔褸網蛛 (Psechrus clavis) 及鋸角雪螢 (Diaphenes lampyroides) 為對象進行野外觀察及設計兩個實驗來進行探討。我們首先在野外觀察螢火蟲在蛛網上的發光摸式及持續時間，及後利用LED燈來摸擬螢火蟲被蜘蛛抓住後，其訊號是否能提高蛛網的吸引率及攔截率；並設計選擇性實驗以探討結網型蜘蛛是否能感知螢火蟲的生物光。研究結果顯示大部份雄性鋸角雪螢 (D. lampyroides) 被鎖孔褸網蛛抓到後會維持發光超過90分鐘，且LED模擬的訊號可有效提高蛛網的獵物吸引率及攔截率，主要被吸引的獵物為鋸角雪螢，引證誘捕是導致螢火蟲male-bias predation 之原因及網上之光訊號可提高獵物多樣性；而且蜘蛛可感知獵物所發出的生物光。本研究結果顯示了一種夜行性捕食者藉生物光作為視覺訊號誘捕獵物的新方式，並提供了一種捕食者與發光生物互動關係的一種可能性。 Some predators living in low-light conditions, such as larva of glowworms and fireflies, use bioluminescent cues as a type of visual cues to lure prey. Web-spinning spiders have been known to use body color of other species to attract prey into their webs. Observations have shown that some web-spinning spiders intercept many male fireflies in one single night. Besides, captured fireflies had been observed to keep flashing for a period of time. These phenomenon suggest that spiders may use bioluminescent organisms to lure prey into their webs. The two main objectives of this study are: (1) determining if the presence of bioluminescent cues from fireflies retained in the web result in an increase in prey interception rates; (2) determining wheather Psechrus clavis are able to sense luminescent cues of fireflies. It was found that firefly prey retained in the webs of P. clavis produced bioluminescent cues for up to more than 90 min after being captured ,there was an increase in prey attraction and they can sense that captured firefly. The majority of prey captured were male fireflies of the species Diaphenes lampyroides, therefore provide male-bias predation is caused by luring and spider increase prey diversity by different visual luring strategy. This study provides evidence for a novel use of bioluminescent cues in order to increase predation rates, which represents a new form of visual luring cues utilized by web-spinning spiders, it provides a prosibility of interaction between predator and lumiescent prey.
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