原住民族地方文化館的能動性： 獅子鄉大龜文王國之研究

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Title:	原住民族地方文化館的能動性：獅子鄉大龜文王國之研究
Other Titles:	The Agency of Local Indigenous Cultural Centers: A Study on the Kingdom of Tjaquvuquvulj in Shi-Zi Township
Authors:	蔡宜靜 TSAI,YI-JING
Contributors:	高承恕 KAO, CHENG-SHU 社會學系
Keywords:	大龜文王國;文化政策;文化復振;國立原住民族博物館;原住民文化館 the Kingdom of Tjaquvuquvulj;cultural policy;cultural revitalization;National Indigenous Museum;indigenous cultural center
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-12-16T03:24:52Z (UTC)
Abstract:	臺灣現有不同類型、規模、營運型態的公私立博物館、美術館、地方文物館將近750座，公立和國家博物館分別隸屬中央政府各部會與各縣市政府。其中經經過行政院原住民族委員會認定的原住民族地方文化館共有29座。這些遍佈全臺灣的原住民文化館，共同扮演著臺灣原住民族歷史文物的典藏與展示場域。原住民族委員會於2016年正式宣布規劃興建國立原住民族博物館，從管理地方型的文化館躍升為規劃興建國家級博物館，此政策的社會基礎與社會關係為何？而原民館的存在究竟對原住民社會，乃至全臺灣有何文化上之意涵？本研究主要透過屏東縣獅子鄉文化館建構一段幾乎佚失的排灣族史之案例，對照原民會當前的文化政策，探討其間所存在的權力互動模式、資源分配與運作成效等關聯性。研究方法採取歷史研究法，從文獻整理與回顧的過程論述歷史事件，探索臺灣原住民族政策的歷史背景與演變，並評論現行的文化政策走向；藉由耆老口述與地方重要人士的訪談，提供不同角度觀察地方文化館處理歷史課題的特質。尤其是，資源匱乏的獅子鄉文化館在文化復振的過程中，透過歷史文獻與重返舊社等途徑，勾勒出一個「未入青史」的「大龜文王國」輪廓，已然引起各界注目；本研究同時探討臺灣、日本設立國家級原住民博物館的政策發展過程，強化對原住民類型館舍的研究與論述能力，參考不同國家面對原住民議題的相關解決方案與經驗。文化的展示，是權力關係的延伸。原住民地方文化館需要連結更緊密的社會網絡，注入更多的公共關懷與資源，未來之營運型態應跳脫博物館形式的窠臼，以創意與熱忱積極走入部落，以服務社區、部落為基本目標，營造出涵蓋部落族群歷史的文化特色，發揮社區經濟、文化傳承等多元面向的總體文化空間功能。 There are 29 Indigenous Cultural Centers in total acknowledged by the Council for Indigenous Affairs. Those centers jointly are the fields for reservation and exhibition of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples’ history and artifacts at local level. The Council for Indigenous Affairs announced the plan for establishing the National Indigenous Museum in 2016 with the hope of upgrading its capabilities of managing the local centers to the level of a national museum. What are its social basis and social relationship of this policy? What is the significance of Indigenous Cultural Centers and Museum to the indigenous communities? And what are their cultural implications to entire Taiwan? This research studies a case of the Indigenous Cultural Center of Shi-Zi Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan on its exploration and reconstruction of a nearly obliterated history of Paiwan Tribe, in comparison with the current cultural policies by the Council for Indigenous Affairs, their interaction model, resource allocation, effect of execution and their interrelations. The research methodology is mainly historical study by means of recollecting and reexamining documentary materials to articulate in retrospect certain historical incidents. In the meantime, the research presents its critical viewpoints on the contemporary cultural policy by depicting the social background and transitions of Taiwan’s indigenous policies at different stages. Furthermore, community elders and local key figures were interviewed to gather different perspectives about the ways the local indigenous cultural center handles historical issues and their overall evaluation about its function. This research highlights the underfinanced Indigenous Cultural Center of Shi-Zi Township in the process of cultural revitalization through a series of activities presenting historical evidence and returning to the ancient deserted villages, and as a result, outlining a vague, undocumented image of the Kingdom of Tjaquvuquvulj, which draws the attention of people from all works of life. This research also compares the respective policy-making procedure and development of the planning and building of the national indigenous museums in Taiwan and Japan, aiming at enhancing capability of research and articulation on similar issues. Cultural display is an extension of power relations. It takes a much closer social network to support the operation of local indigenous cultural centers by putting in more social care and resources, jumping out of the status quo constraint, entering local communities with creativity and passion for serving local villages as their main objective. They are supposed to cover all possible tribal historical distinctions and function as a multi-faceted overall cultural space to promote community economy and cultural inheritance.
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