跨界水資源爭端的合作與衝突: 以埃及-衣索比亞的尼羅河水權爭端為例

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Title:	跨界水資源爭端的合作與衝突: 以埃及-衣索比亞的尼羅河水權爭端為例
Other Titles:	Cooperation and Conflict over Transboundary Water Disputes: The Nile River Dispute Between Egypt and Ethiopia
Authors:	黃嬿凌 HUANG, YEN-LING
Contributors:	陳蔚芳 CHEN, WEI-FANG 政治學系
Keywords:	跨界水資源;跨界水資源爭端;尼羅河水權爭端;埃及;衣索比亞 Transboundary water resources;Transboundary water disputes;The Nile River dispute;Egypt;Ethiopia
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-12-16T03:50:58Z (UTC)
Abstract:	水資源做為人類基本生存條件，也往往是人類文明經濟活動的基礎，並與國家安全與經濟發展相關。由於氣候與地理環境等自然條件的差異，使得國家間水資源分配不均，因此跨界水資源隱含了衝突的可能性，人類歷史上針對水資源而爆發衝突的案例也屢見不鮮。尼羅河做為非洲東部與北部地區最重要的水源，主要源於衣索比亞而終於埃及境內。2011年4月，衣索比亞於境內興建「衣索比亞復興大壩」索比亞復興大壩」索比亞復興大壩」索比亞復興大壩」索比亞復興大壩」索比亞復興大壩」，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電，希望能夠帶來灌溉與發電效益，位於下游的效益，位於下游的效益，位於下游的效益，位於下游的效益，位於下游的埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。埃及因此強烈主張自身對於尼羅河水資源的歷史權利。雙方在該爭端中除了利用各自除了利用各自力量優勢以外，優勢以外，也積極採取外交手段，拉近也積極採取外交手段，拉近也積極採取外交手段，拉近與其他周邊國家之關係、積極參與國家之關係、積極參與國家之關係、積極參與國際與區域組織，國際與區域組織，國際與區域組織，提升自身在爭端解決過程中的影響力。水資源對人類生存來說不可取代，因此跨界水資源合作有其必要性。本文透過梳理埃及與衣索比亞在尼羅河水權爭端的緣由與立場，探討國家在跨界水資源爭端中的作為與影響因素，以及分析區域與國際行為者在爭端解決過程中的影響力，以評估提升跨界水資源爭端下合作的可能性。 Being a basic living condition for human beings, water resources are not only the basis of human civilization, but are also related to national security and economy development. Due to different climate or geographic conditions, the distribution of water resources is usually unevenly among states. Therefore, when states have disputes over the utility of transboundary waters, it may result in conflicts. If we review the history of international relations, it is not unusual to see conflicts happened when there was transboundary water dispute.The Nile River, the most important river located in eastern and northern Africa, mainly starts from Ethiopia and ends in Egypt. In April 2011, Ethiopia constructed the “Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam” in order to improve irrigation and generating electricity. However, because of locating at the downstream of the Nile River, the Dam would inevitably challenge Egypt’s historical rights and interests and therefore Egypt was strongly against this plan. In order to compete privileged positions, both countries employed internal and external resources to gain advantages. As a result, this dispute has intensified the Egypt-Ethiopia relationsConcerning water resources of being irreplaceable for human survival, the cooperation among states over transboundary waters is definitely necessary. Accordingly, this thesis reviews the water dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Nile River and analyses the factors behind their confronting positions. In order to understand whether is possible to encourage cooperation among countries over transboundary water disputes, this thesis also discussed and evaluated the roles of regional and international actors in the Nile River dispute.
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