| Abstract: | 近年來全球極端氣候加劇已成為不可逆轉的趨勢，海平面上升，降雨強度增加，颱風規模加大等自然因素帶來的後續災害愈來愈嚴重，其中淹水問題首當其中，尤其對「易淹水地區」而言，淹水隱患增大，頻率上升，水帶給人們的不再是自給自足的生活、生產和遊憩，而是災難。欲應對和減緩此類趨勢的加劇，需要充分的了解基地的自然、人文和景觀環境，同時分析淹水原因，以想出因應策略。以冬山河流域為例，歷史以來就是易淹水地區的典型基地，在極端氣候的加劇下，原有通過截彎取直和興建堤防暫時緩解的淹水問題開始突顯。重新檢視淹水原因，分為自然和人為兩類，自然因素有：降雨強度增加；颱風豪雨頻率增加；上游淤泥沉積；地下水位高；入海口海平面上升等，人為因素有：土地利用面積上升；不透水性鋪面增加；截彎取直，破壞原有環境；易淹水地區興建建築和生產等。本規劃基於以上分析，轉變傳統思路，利用「海綿城市」和「景觀生態學」的理論，對冬山河流域現有斑塊進行整理，修復河流廊道功能，新增人工濕地作為節點串聯支流和主河道之間的聯繫，建制網狀的「水資源計畫」，在空間和時間上調節水結構，減少洪水風險。同時，追溯古人智慧，發展出適合「宜蘭」的「農舍與生產模式」，在應對洪水的基礎上找回在地人們的記憶與歷史。最後，通過找尋合適位置處理河道淤泥以及再利用，不僅增加了河道通水面積，而且變廢為寶，將後續產品重新支持強兩個計畫的實施，達到土地資源的相對平衡。綜合以上實質計畫的發展構想與實施，結合自然與人為的力量，轉化劣勢為優勢，為以後的「易淹水地區」面對極端氣候加劇的情況提供參考。
Recently, the global extreme climate has become an irreversible trend. The sea level rises, the rainfall intensity increases, and the scale of the typhoon increases. The disasters are becoming more and more serious. Among them, the flooding problem is the most one. Especially for the "Flood-prone Areas ", the probability of flooding and the frequency increase. Water helps people not to live，produce and appreciate, but to be a disaster.To face and slow down such trends, it is necessary to fully understand the natural, human and landscape environment of the base, and analyze the causes of flooding to come up with a response strategy. Taking the Dongshan River Basin as an example, it has always been a typical base in flood-prone areas. Under the trend of extreme weather, the flooding problem that has been temporarily relieved by intercepting straight and constructing dikes has begun to stand out. Re-examine the causes of flooding, divided into two categories, natural and artificial. Natural factors include: increased rainfall intensity, increased typhoon and heavy rain, upstream silt deposition, high groundwater level, sea level rise at the estuary, etc. The artificial factors include: the increase in land use area, the increase in impervious pavement, the straightening of the cut, the destruction of the original environment, and the construction of buildings and production in flood-prone areas.Based on the above analysis, this plan transforms traditional ideas and uses the theory of “sponge city” and “landscape ecology”. Organize the patches in the Dongshan River Basin, repair the functions of the river corridors, add new artificial wetlands as a link between the nodes and the rivers, and construct a network-like “water resources plan”. It regulates water structure in space and time, reducing flood risk. At the same time, it traces the wisdom of the ancients and develops a "farm and production model" suitable for "Yilan". It restores the memory and history of the people on the ground in response to the flood. Finally, by finding the right location to handle the river silt and reuse, it not only increases the water passage area of the river, but also turns waste into treasure, and supports the implementation of the two projects to achieve the relative balance of land resources.To sum up the above, combined with the forces of nature and man-made, transforming the disadvantages as an advantage, and providing reference for the future "Flood-prone Areas" in the face of extreme weather intensification. |
