| Abstract: | 2019年是地方創生元年，在日本發展地方創生成功的具體模式，國家發展委員會以此為地方永續發展的要領，且制定創生的目標、流程、模式和原則，以提供社會的組織參考。社區營造的近二十年，許多學者與先進都努力探討其中的原則及成功的社區發展，但非營利組織雖引領共創未來的美好願景，與驅動參與者的熱情共好生活，卻免不了被檢視人力、物力、財力的社會資源運用，與無法財源自主籌措的窘境。因而衍生以商業模式賺取利潤後再用來社會服務的社會企業。吳宗昇、周宗穎、張抒凡（2013）發現，台灣報導社會企業的新聞篇數、大型研討會場次，及登記社會企業家數，都急遽增加。如何運用社會企業實現社會的服務，當中的社會創新與地方產業，是值得探討的面向。今日的地方創生與上階段的社區營造，最大的差異就在於地方產業。因此，地方創生可說是社區營造的2.0版本，而當中重要的要素之一是地方產業，商業模式也是不可免俗的重要一環。個案研究中發現，社區發展中地方組織的互動，是可以有目標、具體性、可衡量。而當中的階段性目標如何達成？後續又如何將效益擴大？其中的互動模式為何?是本研究的主要範疇。新故鄉文教基金會長期投入埔里鎮桃米里社區重建事務，由初期的「青蛙頭家」帶動綠色產業，提供桃米五分之一以上的就業人口，創造一年超過台幣一億產值；透過「再現埔里蝴蝶王國」，整合生態、教育、產業與公民參與，甚至到桃米社區發展協會、桃米休閒農業區推展協會、桃源國小、桃米社區發展協會及日管處等社區多單位的參與及共同治理，是社會企業營造社區發展的典範。當中由第Ⅰ~Ⅳ期的低度互動關係；合作多，競爭少；合作少，競爭多；既競爭，又合作。分析後發現，各階段的轉變讓新故鄉與桃米社區競爭合作關係，除了建立目前的合作和競爭關係，衍生的地方發展、商業模式、及生態環境的永續發展更是影響和幫助地方深遠。也期待成功經驗的互動模式，可以作為台灣其地方發展之參考。
2019 is the first year of local creation, the specific model for the development of local success in Japan. The National Development Committee takes this as the essentials of local sustainable development, and formulates the goals, processes, models and principles of creating a society to provide social Organizational reference.In the past 20 years since the community was founded, many scholars and advanced people have tried to explore the principles and successful community development. However, although the non-profit organization leads the vision of creating a better future and lives with the enthusiasm of the participants, it is inevitable that Examine the use of human resources, material resources, financial resources, and the dilemma of unable to raise funds independently. Therefore, social enterprises that use the business model to make profits and then use them for social services are derived. Wu Zongsheng, Zhou Zongying, and Zhang Yufan (2013) found that the number of news articles, large-scale seminars, and registered social entrepreneurs reported by Taiwan in social enterprises increased sharply. How to use social enterprises to achieve social services, social innovation and local industries are worth exploring. The biggest difference between today's local creation and community building in the last stage is the local industry. Therefore, local creation can be said to be the 2.0 version of the community, and one of the important elements is the local industry, and the business model is also an important part of the indispensable.Case studies have found that the interaction of local organizations in community development can be targeted, specific, and measurable. And how are the milestones achieved? How will the benefits be expanded in the follow-up? What is the interaction model? It is the main area of this research. The New Hometown Cultural and Educational Foundation has long been involved in the reconstruction of the Taomi Li community in Puli Town. The initial “Frog Head” has driven the green industry to provide more than one-fifth of the working population of peach rice, creating a value of more than NT$100 million a year. "Reappearing the Puli Butterfly Kingdom", integrating ecology, education, industry and citizen participation, and even multi-units such as the Taomi Community Development Association, the Taomi Leisure Agriculture District Promotion Association, the Taoyuan Elementary School, the Taomi Community Development Association and the Day Administration Office. Participation and joint governance are examples of social enterprises creating community development. There is a low degree of interaction between Phases I and IV; there is more cooperation and less competition; less cooperation and more competition; both competition and cooperation. After the analysis, it was found that the transformation of each stage allowed the new hometown to compete with the Taomi community. In addition to establishing the current cooperation and competition, the development of local development, business model, and ecological environment will affect and help the local community. . It is also expected that the interactive model of successful experience can be used as a reference for Taiwan's local development. |
