轉植酸?基因之稻米添加於大豆及綠豆飼料中對成長中大鼠之鈣、鎂、鐵、鋅及磷生物可利用性之影響

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Title:	轉植酸?基因之稻米添加於大豆及綠豆飼料中對成長中大鼠之鈣、鎂、鐵、鋅及磷生物可利用性之影響
Other Titles:	Effect of Phytase-Transgenic Rice Treated Soybean and Mung bean Diets on Bioavailability of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and P in Growing Rats.
Authors:	陳祖怡 Chen, Tsu-I
Contributors:	蔡正宗 Tsai, Tsun-Chung 東海大學食品科學系
Keywords:	大豆;綠豆;抗營養因子;植酸;植酸?
Date:	2006
Issue Date:	2011-04-13T08:18:07Z (UTC)
Abstract:	植酸為植物種子中儲藏磷酸根主要的形式，一般認為植酸為抗營養因子。本研究使用轉E. coli植酸?基因appA至水稻(Oryza-sativa L. cv. Tainung 67)中，藉基因工程改良之水稻量產植酸?，加入豆類食品中，於動物消化過程水解植酸增加礦物質的吸收。實驗分為兩階段，分別利用經萃取基因轉殖水稻中的植酸?或直接加入轉基因米粉至參有豆漿粉或綠豆粉的飼料中。實驗一分為五組，組一為控制組，組二、三及四於豆漿粉飼料中加入一倍、兩倍及四倍可於30分鐘內將飼料中之植酸完全水解之轉基因米粉萃取物，組五添加兩倍可完全水解植酸之轉基因米粉作為對照。實驗二則分為組一為控制組，組二、三及四於綠豆粉飼料中添加一倍、兩倍及四倍可於30分鐘內完全水解飼料中植酸之轉基因米粉量，而組五則加入四倍轉基因米粉萃取後之植酸?含量作為對照。將兩種不同飼料分別飼養30隻Wistar大鼠，隨機分組，每組6隻，餵食28天，每日紀錄攝食情形並收集糞便，每週檢測動物體重。將飼料及糞便乾燥磨粉濕式灰化後，利用石墨原子吸收光譜分析飼料及糞便中礦物質鈣、鋅、鐵及鎂的含量，並利用呈色法測量磷的含量。結果顯示，直接添加轉基因米粉或經萃取後加至飼料中對攝食豆漿粉及綠豆粉的老鼠其鈣、鋅、鐵及磷生物可利用性皆有顯著的改善；其中以鈣之吸收率最好，其次為鐵、鋅及磷。而糞便中植酸殘留降低率以綠豆粉飼料添加四倍之轉基因米粉其效果較佳，可降低15% 之植酸殘留。直接添加轉基因米粉之效果約是經萃取轉基因稻米中植酸?之二至四倍；轉基因米粉及其萃取物皆對鎂的生物可利用性無顯著之影響。 Phytate is the main storage form of phosphorus in many plant seeds. It’s generally acknowledged that phytate is an antinutrition factor. This project was designed to investige the addition of phytase from transgenic rice to bean products to improve mineral bioavailabilty. The rice encoded with highly active phytase gene (app A), which were derived from E.Coli, was used in this project. The phytase extract from transgenic rice powder or transgenic rice powder were added to feeds containing soymilk powder or mung bean powder to conduct animal experiments. Each experiment was divided into five groups. In the first experiment, the soymilk powder was used as protein source in basal diet. In group one (controls) was fed without transgenic rice or its extract. In groups two calculated extracted phytase from transgenic rice, was added to basal diets to hydrolyze the total phytate in 30 minutes, and in group three and four, twice and quadruple calculated extracted phytase were added to basal diet. In the experiment two, mung bean powder was used as protein source in basal diets. To group one (controls) feed with no phytase was fed. To group two, three and four, one, twice and quadruple transgenic rice were feeed. Each group with 30 wistar rats were fed for 28 days. The rats’ intakes and feces were recorded and collected daily, and the body weights were measured weekly. The two diets along with the collected feces were dried, powdered, and wet ashed, then were analyzed for calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium contents by using graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer and phosphorus content with colorimetric method. The result of the experiment was that the addition of transgenic rice with phytase, or its extracted phytase, to the two diets significantly increased the absorption of calcium, zinc, iron, and phosphorus. The absorption of the calcium among them are the best, and then come up with iron, zinc and phosphorus. And the retention of phytate in the feces can reduce 15 % in the group fed with mung bean basal diet with quadruple transgenic rice powder. The diet with the transgenic rice supplement increased its mineral bioavailability 2-4 times compared to the diet with the extracted phytase supplement. However, neither of the two diets had significant effect towards the rats’ magnesium absorption.
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