高齡者餐食服務需求之研究

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Title:	高齡者餐食服務需求之研究
Other Titles:	A Study On Meals Service Needs For Elders
Authors:	陸佩君 Lu, Ppei-Chun
Contributors:	王良原 Oh, Ryogen 東海大學食品科學系
Keywords:	需求理論;餐食服務;在地老化 need theory;meals service;aging in place
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-12-31T08:35:57Z (UTC)
Abstract:	世界各國在經歷經濟繁榮、生活條件改善與醫療技術不斷進步之後，國民的平均壽命普遍延長。為了使人口數日漸增多的高齡者在熟悉、友善的環境中終老，降低其對老化過程的恐懼與適應問題，在地老化的概念開始蔚為風潮。而雖然在今日的台灣社會中，高齡者不論在經濟能力或是身體狀況皆比以前提升許多，但是隨著我國家庭結構的變遷，高齡者經常需要獨自準備三餐飲食，對於其製備、購買過程的便利與安全問題應該加以重視，食物的衛生與營養更是需要深入關心。高齡者的餐食服務擺脫以往被認為是屬於救濟貧窮或者專門為獨居、行動不便人士等所提供的服務之負面認知，在現在已經逐漸被認為是一項可以提供正確的飲食攝取、強化高齡者與社會的連結以及協助持續學習適應老年生活的重要媒介，呈現出未來的高齡者餐食服務之全新思維。本研究藉由深入訪談瞭解具有高齡者餐食提供經驗之社區照顧關懷據點的營運現況與問題，並輔以問卷調查方式以45歲以上民眾為研究對象，針對現行的高齡者餐食服務型式瞭解其偏好狀況，並由受訪者自我評估未來對於餐食服務的需求程度，再以ERG理論建立構面瞭解需求的層次。分析結果可以得知，整體受訪者對於餐食服務表示有需求者高達七成，表示民眾對於未來餐食服務持有正面的看法。在服務模式以送餐到家為主，原因為方便以及顧慮高齡者外出的安全性；在餐食選擇上以現煮熱食為主，但會考慮食品衛生安全、餐食營養均衡以及餐食取得之方便性。餐食服務需求層次的三個構面上，依序為生存需求、關係需求以及成長需求。統計結果為需求層次越高，得分越高，代表受訪者對於餐食服務的需求在不同層度有不同的需求強度，並且以高層次的需求為最主要。所以未來針對高齡者推動餐食服務時，除了餐食內容之基本條件外，應深入考量並兼顧其內心的其他需求，予以安心、信任、關係維持與自我成長等其他附加功能，方能成功的經營此業務並協助高齡者成功老化。關鍵詞：在地老化（aging in place）、餐食服務（meals service）需求理論（need theory Many countries have gone through economic boom, the living condition improvement and the medical technology progress increasingly, people’s mean lifetime universal extension. In 1993, Taiwan become into an aging society as well as developed countries in the world. In recent years, improvement of health care system and medical equipment, as well as the trend of fewer children, the advanced age accounted for the population proportion already jumped to 10.8%. Although, advanced age no matter in both economic situation or physical condition are much better than those before, social structure transformation make many advanced age need to prepare the meals by themselves, convenient and the security in preparation and purchase process should be considered taken seriously, food safety and nutrition are need to be cared thoroughly. The meals service for advanced age was considered a welfare for the relief poor or for those who live alone specially, and for those disable and thus provided people a negative recognition. In the present, meals service for advanced age was gradually considered as an important agent to correct diet intake, to strengthen society linking for advanced age as well as to assist adapt the elderly life. This research interview community that had the experience of meals service for advanced age, and take the questionnaire survey on people with 45 years old, to understand the need state, and use ERG theory to establish the dimension of needs hierarchy to understand needs degree. The research found that about 70% of participant has the needs for meals service, indicating the positive view on meals service for the elders. Meals-on-wheels is most acceptable, in consideration of convenience and security for the elders. The needs hierarchy construct survival, relationship as well as growth in need. Higher the needs the higher score, as different need intensity on behalf of different participant in the different level, the advanced age meals service impetus in the future, should consider the product, and the inner feelings of the elders, including the need for trust, the relationship maintenance, and the need for self-growth, and need for other additional function, and hopefully to success to the management of meals service and assists the advanced age to live well in aging. Key word：aging in place, meals service, need theory
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