都市公園綠地連接度之探討─以台北市大安區為例

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Title:	都市公園綠地連接度之探討─以台北市大安區為例
Other Titles:	A Study on Connectivity of Urban Park and Green Land─A Case Study of Da-An District in Taipei City
Authors:	林璇姿 Lin, Hsuan-Tzu
Contributors:	王小璘 Wang, Hsiao-Lin 東海大學景觀學系
Keywords:	都市公園綠地;景觀生態學;連接度;鳥類群聚度 urban park and green land;landscape ecology;connectivity;avian assemblages
Date:	2006
Issue Date:	2011-05-06
Abstract:	都市環境是由不同的基質、廊道、嵌塊體相互作用連接而成的人工環境，其結構易受人類行為之影響，常隨著經濟、社會和生態因素發展變化。由於都市空間及環境資源特性不同，各地區對於公園綠地的發展方向及重點也不一致，而在人為改變土地利用的過程中，往往縮減植被面積，使得鄰近棲地不能連接，進而形成許多破碎之棲地，造成動植物種類減少、群落分離，更嚴重者將會破壞原有生態系的完整健全。連接度為景觀網絡結構的一個重要特徵，並且是區域生態復原的重要因子，為了提高都市環境之生態功能，許多專家學者紛紛提出公園綠地政策及相關計畫，並引入連接度之概念來建構都市公園綠地。本研究之目的如下所述： (一) 藉由景觀生態學的連接度觀點，探討都市環境裡被視為嵌塊體的都市公園綠地其「結構連接度」之連接情形；(二) 選擇都市中具有明顯較易觀察的遷徙行為及群聚現象之鳥類作為指標物種，探討其群聚現象是否受到都市公園綠地連接度之影響；(三) 以「功能連接度」檢視其與結構連接度之間的相關性，用以瞭解生態物種活動情形與都市公園綠地連接程度間的關係；(四) 透過實證基地之綜合分析，藉由研究結果提出建議，以作為未來都市公園景觀生態規劃設計與都市空間生態保育規劃設計之參考。本研究擬由景觀生態學理論中的連接度觀點探討都市公園綠地的連接情形，藉由Pearson相關分析法檢定都市公園綠地連接度與鳥類群聚現象之相關性，研究結果如下︰公園綠地連接度會影響鳥類的群聚現象；提升公園綠地連接度中的綠地面積、綠地邊緣值、基質孔隙度、綠廊寬度、網路環通度、網路複雜度及網路連通度可增進鳥類群聚現象；減少都市公園綠地之間的隔離程度可相對提高留鳥的物種豐富度；增加都市公園綠地的綠廊寬度可相對降低候鳥的物種優勢度。因此，本研究建議為增進都市公園綠地間的連接程度，其中針對新開闢的公園綠地應優先考量其公園綠地之間的鄰近距離、分佈形狀、綠廊寬度及長度等；而針對都市中已存在的公園綠地，則應以增闢綠廊或行道樹予以連接，加強各地公園綠地之間的可串連性，並同時考量其四周綠帶之形成，以提升整體都市公園綠地之連接度並促進其生態功能的發揮。 Urban environment is an artificial environment that is interacted and connected by diverse matrix, corridor and patch. Human behavior affected structure easily, it changed with the development of economical, social and ecological elements. As a result of difference between urban space and environment resource, each district of urban aren’t in agreement on development and emphasis to park and green land, in the process of land use changed by human reduced vegetation area, separated surrounding habitat, formed a great many fractal habitat, decreased variety and separated the community of biology, then it will result in destroy completeness and healthiness of original ecosystem. Connectivity is an important feature of landscape network structure that is also the significant factor of regional restored-ecology. In order to promote ecological function of urban environment, a lot of expert and scholar have proposed policy and relative plan of park and green land, utilizing concept of connectivity to construct urban park and green land. The purpose of this study are as follows: (1) applying connectivity viewpoint of landscape ecology to discuss structure connectivity of urban park and green land that is considered as patch in urban environment; (2) selecting birds have apparent and easily-observed migration and assemblages as indicator species to discuss assemblages would be effected by connectivity of urban park and green land or not; (3) to review correlation between functional connectivity and structure connectivity for comprehending the relationship between biological behavior and urban park and green land connectivity; (4) to propose suggestion from results of this study via comprehensive analysis on site, as the consultation for ecological planning and ecological conservation of urban park in the future.The study applies connectivity viewpoint of landscape ecology to discuss connects of urban park and green land; review correlation between connectivity and avian assemblages via Pearson’s correlation. Thus, in order to improve connectivity of urban park and green land should consider distance between surrounding habitat, distributive form, width of green corridor, and length, etc.; to increase constructing green corridor or street trees to combine the existing urban park and green land, enhancing the connectivity of all park land and consider the forming of surrounding green belt to promote the expression of ecological function.
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