利用高級處理程序及高速擷取設備輔助監測水體中天然有機物官能基特性變化及降低消毒副產物生成潛能探討

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题名:	利用高級處理程序及高速擷取設備輔助監測水體中天然有機物官能基特性變化及降低消毒副產物生成潛能探討
其它题名:	Apply Control Technology and High Speed Data Acquistion System monitor for Removal of the Functional Groups and Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) from Eutrophic Water Sources
作者:	宋曉帆
贡献者:	張鎮南東海大學環境科學與工程學系
关键词:	腐植酸;黃酸;官能基;示波器;消毒副產物生成潛能;臭氧;粒狀活性碳;薄膜 Humic acids;Fulvic acids;Functional groups;Oscilloscope;Disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP);Ozonation;Granular activated carbon (GAC);Ultrafiltration (UF);Nanofiltration (NF)
日期:	2003
上传时间:	2011-05-19T06:33:14Z (UTC)
摘要:	本研究利用臭氧氧化-活性碳吸附-薄膜過濾程序處理水體中天然腐植酸與黃酸，以探討處理過程官能基特性分佈與降低消毒副產物生成潛能之關係。本研究採集優養化水源─德基水庫原水，以三種不同樹脂XAD-8，AG-MP-50，IRA-93將水樣分離萃取出七類不同有機物。其中疏水性有機物質約佔46.6%(腐植酸為8%、黃酸為11%)，親水性有機物質則約佔52.5%。消毒副產物生成潛能部分，黃酸具有最高之三鹵甲烷生成潛能/溶解性有機碳(THMFP/DOC)及鹵化乙酸生成潛能/溶解性有機碳 (HAAFP/DOC)之生成量。在利用高速擷取設備輔助監測臭氧抑制反應機制上，應用示波器監測有機物在臭氧反應過程中氧化還原電位顯示，臭氧的抑制試驗過程在90sec 左右有精確監測到分階段反應的趨勢。在消毒副產物生成潛能高的腐植酸及黃酸主要官能基分佈為芳香族(aromatic)及羧基/酮基(carboxylic/carbonyl)類。臭氧氧化可有效降低消毒副產物及減小有機物分子量，將部分疏水性物質轉為親水性物質；在粒狀活性碳 (GAC)吸附實驗中得知，粒狀活性碳主要以吸附aromatic及carboxylic/carbonyl類化合物為主。UF/NF薄膜過濾則能將親疏水性有機物過濾去除，同時對更小分子量之有機物能有效去除更能顯現此一性能。臭氧氧化-活性碳吸附-薄膜過濾程序的組合是一種可行且有效之處理程序，臭氧氧化後，疏水性物質轉變為親水性物質後，當進入GAC之吸附程序時，親水性有機物質利於被吸附而大量移除，UF/NF薄膜的微孔過濾機制則可以將活性碳無法吸附的小分子予以有效去除，達到減低消毒副產物生成的目的。 Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among distribution of natural organic matter, functional groups and disinfection by-products formation potential during the pre-ozonation, granular activated carbon and membranes process. In this study, we used three resins: XAD-8, AG-MP-50 and IRA-93 to classify seven categories of NOM from eutrophic water taken from Te-Chi reservoir. Experimental results show hydrophobic fractions and hydrophobic fractions contribute 46.6% (humic acids was 8%, fulvic acids was 11%) and 52.5% of the NOMs. In disinfection by-products formation potential study, fulvic acids has the highest quantity of THMFP/DOC and HAAFP/DOC, As using “High Speed Data Acquistion System” to monitor ozonation of quench reaction mechanism, the results showed the observations of two stage reaction from oscilloscope to monitor the ORP in the ozonation process at 90 seconds. During ozonation of raw water and humic acids, the DBPFP and average molecular weight were found to be decreased significantly. Hydrophobic fraction was converted to hydrophilic fraction after ozonation. In granular activated carbon adsorption, low molecular weight and functional groups of hydrophilic organic substance such as aromatic and carboxylic/carbonyl, were proved to be adsorbed by granular activated carbon majority. Using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane could remove hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. Moreover it could remove the lower molecular weight fractions in this study. Combination of ozonation and granular-activated-carbon treatment and membranes filtration is feasible and effective to reduce DBPFP. In ozonation, hydrophobic fraction will be converted to hydrophilic fraction. In granular activated carbon adsorption unit, hydrophilic fraction has proven to be adsorbed majority with ozonation followed by granular activated carbon treatment. Membranes filtration can be an effective technology to reduce the NOM and DBPs formation after GACtreatment. Almost all hydrophobic or hydrophilic fractions the disinfection by-products precursor can be removed completely by our proposed process. The quality of drinking water can be efficiently improved.
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