以生態廊道的觀點探討國家步道系統之建構

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Title:	以生態廊道的觀點探討國家步道系統之建構
Other Titles:	A study on National Trail System through Ecological Corridor Approach
Authors:	陳玉如 Chen, Yu-Ju
Contributors:	王小璘 Wang, Dr . Hsiao-Lin 東海大學景觀學系
Keywords:	生態廊道;步道系統;生態效益評估;網路層級分析法 ecological corridor;trail network;evaluate of the ecological benefits;Analytic Network Process
Date:	2005
Issue Date:	2011-05-19T08:16:15Z (UTC)
Abstract:	近年來，台灣地區為了追求「旅遊」與「保育」間的平衡，因而興起了推動生態旅遊的概念，導致生態旅遊的口號如火如荼地蔓延整個旅遊、觀光、休閒界。其中最受矚目的即是由行政院農業委員會林務局所建構全國性國家步道系統之藍圖規劃。而在運用舊有步道系統，串聯各大小結點，發展生態旅遊的同時，步道亦有可能因遊憩使用造成各種不同遊憩型態的衝擊，導致整體生態環境的破壞，因此若能在各保護區、國家公園間設置生態廊道以人工的方式串聯原已存在的天然廊道或人工廊道，使期發揮維持保護連結的機制，以促進物種及能量流之循環，將有助於生物基因交流，創造物種及生態的多樣性。故本研究以生態廊道之觀點，研擬評估因子層級架構，改善現今已建構出的國家步道系統，使國家步道系統的規劃更能符合永續發展的生態旅遊特色及行政院推動的挑戰2008國家發展重點計畫中所提建構國家自然步道系統之政策。本研究首先藉由相關理論及文獻整理歸納出影響步道之評估因子及準則，透過模糊德爾菲法進行評估因子篩選，及網路層級分析法，計算評估因子權重，進而確立評估因子層級架構，據此進行實證研究，檢測生態旅遊步道系統建構與評估，提出結論與後續研究之建議。研究結果顯示：評估架構之目標層為「生態完整性之旅遊步道」，第一層級包括「生維持生態完整」及「達到遊憩體驗」二項，第二層級為「生物多樣性」、「生態穩定性」、「環境永續性」、「降低遊憩衝擊」、「景觀環境特性」及「旅遊相關配套措施」六項，第三層級為「植物種類多樣性」、「生態棲地連續性」及「利用本土性景觀素材」等十八項。研究結果提出對於評估架構之檢討為（1）評估架構之可行性（2）評估因子之正確性與專家群體選取時之適當性（3）評估準則等級劃分及訂定標準之方式（4）問卷設計方式之適度修正（5）研究方法之使用。 In order to achieve the balance between "tourism" and "conservation", the concept of promoting the eco-tourism rises in Taiwan. It causes the slogan of the eco-tourism becoming a passionate issue discussed by tourist industry.Among the numerous project of eco-tourism, the most attention-grabbing one is the project of national forest trail network planned by Taiwan Forestry Bureau. While using the trail system to link every scenic spots for the development of the eco-tourism, the leisure usage of trail may cause diverse impacts and the destruction to the ecological environment. In order to advance the circulation of biological species and energy flow, linking up the existing natural corridor or artificial corridor to set up the ecological corridor among every protection zone or national park will make advantage of the exchange of biological gene and diversity of species.Therefore, the aim of this research is by way of thinking of viewpoint in sustainable use to improve the existing forest trail network to accord with the characteristic of eco-tourism. The studies refers to the of national forest trail network in Economic Development Taiwan, R.O.C. 2008 which developed by government.Firstly, basing on the literature review and relevant theory study , this research sumed up the factors and criterions which cause influence on the trail. Secondly, this research sifted the factors from Fuzzy Delphi Method and calculated the weights of factor through Analytic Network Process to establish the evaluation framework. Finally, this research procceded a case study to experiment with evaluation framework to the eco-tour trail network and propose the conclusion and suggestions for following study.The result of research shows that the goal level of ecological evaluation framework is the completeness of ecological travel trails. The primary level is keeping complete ecology and reaching fine experiencing . The second level is the bio-diversity, ecological stability, environment sustainability, lowering impacts , characteristic of landscape environment and relevant service of travel.The third level is plant species diversity, continuity of eco-habitat and local materials used ,etc.According to the result of research, this research address the review of evaluation framework as (1) the correctness of the ecological evaluation framework and appropriateness to choose brains trust ( 2) the way to divide the grade of evaluation criterion divides and to stipulates criterions ( 3) the way to amend the questionnaire (4 ) appropriate methodology adopted.
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