| Abstract: | 台灣傳統漢族民宅的起源地，中國大陸的漳州、泉州及潮州民宅之研究，至今仍然相當有限。本研究即以泉州地區傳統民宅形式為研究對象，透過實地勘查及訪談，試圖了解泉州各區傳統民宅形式的特徵及其變異，並參考人類學文化區理論的研究觀點，考察其在空間上的分佈情形。 研究者先後至泉州進行兩次調查，合計三個月時間，分析經過勘查、訪談的資料，研究者依據各地區民宅布局名稱，將泉州地區分成「晉江、惠安沿海平原」、「頂南安」、「外安溪」、「內安溪」、「同安」及「廈門」六個分區，並依照布局名稱、空間構成、建築形體、構造材料的順序，描述各區民宅形式的特徵；進而比較分析各種形式在泉州的分布情形，以驗證文化區知理論。並探討影響各區民宅形式變遷的可能因素為何？ 作者初步發現泉州地區民宅形式之分布大致吻合文化區理論的要旨；其中晉江可視為文化中心，惠安、下南安可視為中心四週，內、外安溪及同安、廈門可視為邊緣地區，頂南安則可視為中間地帶。作者同時發現泉州地區的民宅，具有兩進四合院、留設「巷廊」、「塌壽」等共同之形式特徵。在形式差異上，形式名稱的差異與水系及語言分區較有關；山區與沿海地區形式差異在於民宅開間數的不同及後房留設與否，沿海地區部份民宅並設置「角腳樓」及「磚坪」；與視覺有關的形體及構造部份，則略呈現「中心─邊緣」的分布。論文結尾以個案方式，對具有泉州形式特徵的台灣傳統民宅，做簡單的探討，更細緻的台灣與閩南地區漢族傳統民宅之傳承關係則寄望於未來。
It is known that the styles of the traditional Hans houses of Taiwan was transfered from Zhang-zhou, Quan-zhou and Tsau-zhou. However, up to now, there are only a few literature on the traditional houses of these three districts. The thesis takes the forms of the traditional Quan-zhou houses as the main subject. By the method of field survey and interview, the characteristics of the form of Quan-zhou traditional houses, and their variations are investigated. The author also borrows the theory of cultural area'' from Anthropology as a conceptual framework to look into how the variations of house form is distributed in Quan-zhou district. The researcher made two trips, dating from August, 1995 to September, 1995 and December, 1996 to January, 1997. After analyzing data from field survey and interview, six areas are identified, mainly according to the layout of their houses. They are the coastarea of Jing-jian and Hwei-an, the upper Nan-an, the outtter An-xi, the inner An-xi, Tong-an and Xia-men. The house forms of each area are described first, then are compared in terms of name of layout, spatial composition, physical form, material and construction Finally, their similarities and variations are utilized to verify the theory of cultural area. It is found that the houses of Quan-zhou district are basically corresponding to the theory, where Jing-jian area may be regarded as the center. Hwei-an and lower Nan-an areas form the first ring, while upper Nan-an can be considered as the second ring, and outter & inner An-xi, Tong-an and Xia-men areas as their periphery. In addition, it is found that all of the areas share same layout, i.e, two layers/four sides court house and save same "corridor in front of main hall(Shung-larn)", "concave front gate house(Ta-sou)". Different names for similar house form, may be related to different dialects district and different valleies; The major distinctions between mountaineous area and coast area are different number of spans in main house of facade and whether saving a back house or not. There are "corner pent house " and "flat roof for two side houses" in coast area. Finally, several houses in Taiwan are discussed in term of their building form, that, are obviously transfered from Quan-zhou Somehow, more further detailed studies on the relationship between Taiwanese traditional houses and those of Quan-zhou district are needed in the furture. |
