塔塔加高山地區昆蟲相的研究

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Title:	塔塔加高山地區昆蟲相的研究
Other Titles:	A Study on Insect Fauna at Tatachia Alpine Area
Authors:	陳東瑤 Chen, Tung-Yao
Contributors:	陳錦生 Chen, Chin-Seng 東海大學生命科學系
Keywords:	昆蟲相;塔塔加;多樣性;高山生態系;長期生態研究 insect fauna;Tatachia;diversity;alpine ecosystem;LTER
Date:	2003
Issue Date:	2011-06-14T02:44:43Z (UTC)
Abstract:	塔塔加位於台灣中部（23.5 N, 121 E），生物資源豐富，足以代表台灣高海拔自然生態環境，同時也是台灣長期生態研究站中唯一的高山研究站，由於全球暖化的緣故，近來高山生態系廣受生態保育學者的注意，因為根據預測，受到全球暖化影響最為顯著的地區將是高山地區；其次，基於高山生態環境的嚴苛特性，在溫度上些微的改變，將嚴重地影響該區生物生存的機會。本實驗從1998年11月至2002年3月，在塔塔加高山地區長期生態研究(Long Term Ecological Rearch; LTER)研究區進行兩個月一次的昆蟲定期調查，樣區選定在雲杉林(Picea morrisonicola)、鐵杉林(Tsuga chinensis)及箭竹草原(Yushania niitakayamensis)等三個永久樣區內，調查方法包括日間掃網調查和夜間燈光誘集。結果：三樣區共採集到19,781隻昆蟲，分屬15目、145科、959個形態種(morphospecies)；各目的組成百分比，以雙翅目(Diptera )(69.68%)、同翅目(Homoptera) (11.19%)及膜翅目(Hymenoptera) (10.10%)最為優勢；在科的類階，則是以搖蚊科(Chironomidae)(17.67%)、蕈蚋科(Mycetophilidae)(12.32%)、葉蟬科(Cicadellidae) (8.32%)、糠蚊科(Ceratopogonidae)(7.56%)、黑翅蕈蚋科(Sciaridae)(7.39%)及癭蚋科(Cecidomyiidae)(5.81%)為優勢類群；三個樣區的相似度差異不大，但是優勢類群則不相同；無論豐度、均勻度及多樣性指標，箭竹草原樣區均高過於雲杉林樣區及鐵杉林樣區。從初步的結果來看，影響昆蟲數量的變化的因子，包括溫度、降雨量、相對溼度和植物開花、結果的週期。此外，九二一地震對塔塔加地區昆蟲的影響甚劇，包括昆蟲總數量、捕獲的科數都明顯下降，但該區昆蟲在數量上有明顯恢復的趨勢。從整個生態系來看，塔塔加的昆蟲在能量流動和物質循環的過程中，應扮演極重要的角色。 Alpine ecosystems have been attracting widespread attention in relation to global warming for several reasons. First, the influence of global warming is predicted to be most significant in the high altitude areas. Second, the ambient conditions characterizing ecosystems in high mountains are extreme. Therefore, even a slight change in temperature can significantly influence the chances of survival for high mountain organisms. Tatachia is located in central part of Taiwan (23.5 N, 121 E). It is the only alpine long-term ecological research (LTER) site in Taiwan. Bimonthly insect collection was conducted from November 1998 to March 2002 at the three sampling plots, including spruce forest (Picea morrisonicola), hemlock forest (Tsuga chinensis) and meadow (Yushania niitakayamensis) at Tatachia LTER site in the Yushan National Park. A total of 19,781 insect individuals belonging to 959 morphospecies, 145 families and 15 orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Diptera (69.68%), Homoptera (11.19%) and Hymenoptera (10.10%). At the family level, Chironomidae (17.67%), Mycetophilidae (12.32%), Cicadellidae (8.32%), Ceratopogonidae (7.56%), Sciaridae (7.39%) and Cecidomyiidae (5.81%) were the most abundant taxa. Although there were little differences in similarity among the three sampling plots, the dominant orders and families in theses plots differed. The meadow had the highest diversity while the spruce forest had the lowest diversity. Temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, blooming of plants and seeding of plants were factors which influenced the individual number of insects collected. The number of insects collected at Tatachia area was decreased by the 921 earthquake and now is under recovery. In view of the whole ecosystem, insects played an important role in the Tatachia alpine area.
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