君王或魔鬼?排灣基督宗教徒對蛇象徵的詮釋

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Title:	君王或魔鬼?排灣基督宗教徒對蛇象徵的詮釋
Other Titles:	King or Devil? Paiwan Christians Interpret the Religious Symbolism of the Snake
Authors:	賴邑雯 Lai, Yi-Wen
Contributors:	月白樺 Moon, Beverly 東海大學宗教研究所
Keywords:	象徵;蛇;排灣基督宗教徒;十字架 symbol;snake;Paiwan Christians;crucifix
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2011-01-10T02:40:52Z (UTC)
Abstract:	2004年筆者受洗成為基督徒，並且加入一間屏東的原住民教會—基督教拿撒勒人會古樓教會，以學習該宗教。同時，筆者看到排灣族人在傳統文化及基督宗教之間的衝突與掙扎。為此，主導本論文的核心問題油然而生：人們可否將他們的傳統文化與新信仰合而為一呢？　　在排灣族，蛇象徵呈現出許多正面的意義和價值在每日的生活中，尤以宗教儀式和崇拜為最鮮明的代表。例如：排灣族人相信他們是蛇的後代。在部落，唯有貴族領袖的家庭可以使用百步蛇的圖像，來顯示他們崇高的身分和地位。平民則視另一種蛇類，龜殼花，為他們的祖先。但是在筆者所處的古樓教會，大部分的排灣基督宗教徒，被教導視蛇類為魔鬼撒旦的化身。這個外來的宗教和排灣族的傳統文化自此產生了極大的衝突。　　本研究中有兩個重要的研究群體。其一為屏東的山地門長老教會；該教會成員拒絕使用任何和蛇有關的圖像裝飾他們的會堂，他們和古樓教會抱持著相同的看法。另一個持相反意見的教會是台東的土?天主堂；因為受到梵蒂岡第二次大公會議（Vatican II）的影響，該教會成員嘗試將排灣族傳統藝術和基督宗教的精神加以整合。這兩間教會向我們闡明一個可能性：基督宗教內不同宗派對相同主題或許也會有不同的詮釋。故此，為瞭解這兩間教會之所以對蛇象徵持有不同態度的緣由，本文將透過大量收集及分析歷史文獻資料的過程，幫助讀者進一步的瞭解，在教會成長的歷史脈絡中，宣教士對其所產生的影響，同時回溯宣教士之所以持有該論點的可能性。此外，筆者企圖以不同學者，如：Mircea Eliade和C.G. Jung等的理論為基礎，擴大詳述蛇象徵的意義和價值。期待藉由本篇論文的初步努力，為傳統文化和新宗教的融合帶來另一個角度的思考契機。 When I converted to Christianity, I joined an aboriginal church, Gulou Church in Pingdong, Taiwan, to learn about this new religion. At the same time, I saw how the Paiwan people there struggle because of the conflicts between their old culture and the new faith. Thus, one of the important questions guiding this thesis is as follows: Can people combine their old culture with their new religion?Among the Paiwan, the snake symbol carries positive meanings and values in their daily life, especially in their religious rites and worship. For example, the Paiwan believe they are the descendents of snakes. The image of the hundred-paced viper is the most important symbol for the chief family in their tribe. Commoners recognize another snake as their ancestor. But at Gulou Church, most of these Paiwan Christians have learned to call the snake a visible manifestation of Satan, the Devil. This new belief comes into direct conflict with Paiwan traditional culture.There are two important subjects of my research: One is Sandimen Presbyterian Church in Pingdong. The members of this church refuse to use any snake images to decorate their church. They have the same idea as the members of the Gulou Church. In contrast, there is Tuban Roman Catholic Church in Taidong. The members of this church have a totally different attitude. Following the recommendations set forth at Vatican II, they try to integrate their traditional art with the new religion. These two churches illustrate one possibility for us: different Christian denominations may have dissimilar teachings on the same topic. By examining the history of the missionary influence on each of the two churches, I hope to understand why they interpret the snake symbol in very different ways. In addition, I will try to enlarge the meanings and values associated with the religious symbol of the snake by following the theories of Mircea Eliade and C.G. Jung. I hope this study can show how it is possible to integrate traditional cultures and Christian faith.
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