| Abstract: | 地下家蚊(Cules pipiens molestus)原分佈於溫帶地區。一九九六 年首度在臺灣發現。地下家蚊的孳生源主要分佈於積水的地下室及污 水處理槽中，成蚊則在寒冷的冬天騷擾住家民眾，嚴重影響居民的生 活，因此，在生物學及公共衛生上的重要性值得研究。地下家蚊與熱 帶家蚊(Cx. p. quinquefasciantus)為近緣亞種，但兩者有很大的差異。 在地下家蚊有吸血與不吸血的族群，其均可產卵的生理特徵及全年皆活動的生態習性則與熱帶家蚊頗著不同。在本研究全省初步的調查發現:台北、台中、高雄均有地下家蚊的存在。台灣地下家蚊的分佈為北半球目前已知全球分佈最南的地區。本論文針對地下家蚊吸血與不吸血的族群進行生命表的比較，再經由年齡於期兩性生命表的分析，得知在27土2下，吸血的地下家蚊內在增殖率(r)為0.1849土0.019/天，平均世代時間(T)為19.69 土1.08天，淨生殖率(R)為36.9土10.92;未吸血的地下家蚊內在增 殖率為0,1657土0.017/天，平均世代時間為19.22土0.76天，淨生殖率 為23.3土6.74。此外，並計算穩定年齡齡期分佈、期待壽命與繁殖值 等。在實驗室的混養均能產下卵塊，其F1、F2、F3雜交子代的產卵率 及孵化率均較同系交配之規代為低。呼吸管指數及DV/D仍比值較接近 熱帶家蚊形值。以電子顯微鏡比較地下家蚊和熱帶家蚊卵殼的細微形 態，初步發現兩者差異顯著
Culex popiens molestus was first recorded in 1996 in Taiwan(Lien et al., 1996). The larvae of this mosquito generally breeds in underground water, such as septic tanks in buildings. It is of urgent importance to public health to control the immigration of this mosquito into Taiwan and to understand its biology. Compared to the indigenous species, Culex popiens quinquefasciatus, the adult female molestus is characterized by autogeny, stenogamy, and is active year-round. The aouthernmost distribultion of molestus now includes Taiwan: Taipei, Hsindien, Keelung, Suao, taoyuan, Taichung and Kaohsiung. The ecological characteristics of molestus were studied using life-table analysis, hybrid experiments, and examination of egg shell ultrastructure by SEM. The life history data of molestus were analyzed in the context of an age-stage two-sex life table. At 27+2, the intrinsic rate of natural increase(r) of blood feeding molestus in 0.1849+0.019/day, the mean generation time (T) is19.69+1.08 day and the net reproduction rate(R0) is 36.9+10.92; the intrinsic rate of natural increase of non-blood-feeding molestus is0.1657+0.017/day, the mean generation time is 19.22+0.76 day , the mean generation time is 19.22+0.76 day and the net reproduction rate is 23.3+6.74. The stable age-stage distribution , longevity and reproductive values were also calculated. Hybrid experiments show that the two mosquitoes, molestus and quinquefasciantus, can produce fertile offspring. Preliminary observation of egg shell ultrastructure exochorion by SEM shows significant difference between the two species in strut and hole number, with molestus having more struts and holes. |
