開放式創新模式之共演化行為-以Skype為例

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Title:	開放式創新模式之共演化行為-以Skype為例
Other Titles:	The Co-evolution behavior in the progress of open innovation: Lessons from the Skype Case
Authors:	洪定慶 Hone, Andy
Contributors:	許書銘 Hsu, Sue-Ming 東海大學管理碩士在職專班
Keywords:	網路電話,電信產業,開放式創新,共同演化 VoIP, telecommunication market, open innovation, co-evolution
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2011-01-19T03:24:38Z (UTC)
Abstract:	隨著網際網路在全球日益普及的情況下，網路下各類應用紛沓而至，有些開發出新的市場，有些則與既有的產業產生競爭。其中衝擊最大的以網路電話為最，因為電信事業的利潤仍保有優勢利潤，使得網路電話之低廉進入成本吸引各業者加入電信市場競爭。然而網路電話對於既有電話市場是為一破壞性創新產品，不但對原有電信市場產生價格破壞，所產生的利潤也低於原有電信市場。但對使用者因為其價格相對低廉，因此吸引使用者對此新產品進行嚐試。近年來全球化的腳步快速實現，企業在進行全球化的層次，不再侷限於市場面，更全面延伸到人才、資訊、管理、研發等企業各層面。尤其現今新產品之多項零組件，多源自全球各地的協力廠商彼此溝通合作，以符合新產品規格。因此企業如何透過開放式創新，加速產品創新能力，降低產品開發時間，是企業在面臨新的開放世代必須面臨的一件重要課題。本文透過資料研究，觀察網路電話形成破壞性創新之原因為成本低廉、新技術之演進從而影響既有電信市場。並分析網路電話在發展初期受技術發展之影響、發展中期則受寬頻網路之普及率之限制以及近期法規限制在不同國家對網路電話之影響。進而分析Skype在開放式創新模式中，其與協力廠商間合作深度影響共演化之現象，主導廠商對於開放程度與協力廠商合作意願之關係強度。同時在此個案中，開放式創新在雙方的智慧財產權之管理及互信程度對開放式創新成敗之影響以及在其開放式創新中之雙方主導性關係對於共演化之影響。透過此研究，企業在對於破壞性創新之定位得以明確了解其定義及可能影響之因素，並在全球化的同時，採取開放性創行時對於互信基礎之建立、可能導致共演化之原因等注意事項，以提高企業在發展創新行為時之成功機會。 With the increasing popularity of the Internet in the world, various network applications are developed. Some of them create the brand new markets, and the others might compete with the existing industries. Voice over IP (VoIP) should be one of the most impacted to the incumbent. Because the profits of telecom industry remain superior that attracts the new entrants –VoIP, with the low entry cost to the industry - to share the telecommunication market. However, VoIP is a kind of disruptive innovation that not only destroys the price of the telecommunication market, but also the profits of the whole market. For VoIP users, because of its cheap price, this new product keeps attracting users to try. By the study through information observation, finding that VoIP impacts the telecommunication market by disruptive innovation that is formed by the low cost and the evolution of new technology. And the penetration of VoIP in the early stage is affected by VoIP technology and in the middle stage is limited by the penetration rate of broadband network. At recent years, it is restricted by the law regulation in different countries. The advance analysis of Skype in the open innovation model is the relationship of co-operation with third-party and the co-evolution between them. It also analysis the relationship of the openning level of the leading vendor and the willingness to cooperate with of third-party. Also in this case, in the open innovation model, it shows the importance of the management of intellectual property rights and mutual trust to the success of open innovation. By this research, corporation could position the disruptive innovation clearly for definitions and possible factors. And while corporation adopts open innovation to be a strategy in the pace of globalization, the importance of the establishment of mutual trust and noticing these factors might be affected the co-evolution status should be concerned to raise the chance of success in the progress of innovation.
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