台灣鹿港龍山寺屋頂構成之歷時性研探

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题名:	台灣鹿港龍山寺屋頂構成之歷時性研探
其它题名:	Lu Gang of Taiwan（Long-Shan Temple）Roof’s Construction of Research Time’s stage.
作者:	黃建盛 Huang, Jian-Cheng
贡献者:	洪文雄;徐明福 Houng, Wen-Hsoung;Hsu, Min-fu 東海大學建築學系
关键词:	屋頂構成;歷時性;內藏性文化資產;屋頂木作;屋面土水 Roof’s lay;Time’s stage;The Internal Part Culture Assets;Roof’s construction;Roof’s land add water engineering
日期:	2004
上传时间:	2011-08-04T01:54:29Z (UTC)
摘要:	屋頂的組構方法是一多重材料施作技術的整合，亦是傳統構成技術最為多樣與複雜的一環，除了運用相當多元的灰泥、瓦、磚、土灰、木料等材料外，並記錄著匠師如何將構材的功能性發揮到淋漓盡致。材料製作成形過程會跟隨時間的轉變而有所差異，從材料施作的技術、原料取得的來源、工匠的技藝，皆影響著材料最後的成形，故在不同時間階段中所成形的材料及構築施作方式，即會反映出施作當時社會背景資訊的差異性，此稱之為「內藏性文化資產」。而這複雜的內藏性文化資產資訊中，亦含括了工藝之有形文化資產及匠意之無形文化資產，如果能將構法作一有效的討論，則有助於研判建築發展起源與斷代的釐清。本論文首先藉由銘刻碑記及相關文獻史料等資訊的記載可知，龍山寺自乾隆五十一年遷建現址以來，兩百多年間至少歷經七次以上不同規模大小的修膳，而依其修繕性質可分為遷建、清代增修建、日治修建以及光復後修建等四個階段。遷建時期即為乾隆五十一年遷建現址後的始建規模，清代增修建時期含括道光十一年拜亭、五門、戲臺的增建及咸豐八年的修繕，日治增修建則有明治及昭和年間的兩次修繕，光復後修繕時期亦歷有民國五十年與民國七十五年兩次修護。第二章即對於研究範圍內之龍山寺正殿、拜亭、后殿屋頂木作部分的構成，在不同階段時期，其施作方式所產生之差異性。龍山寺屋頂木作包含楹仔、桷仔、養仔及封簷板之構成等，楹仔之構成分成斜率分析、楹仔的構築方式、楹仔的製作方式三項進行探討。桷仔之構成則有鋪設及製作方式兩項。養仔之構成亦有鋪設和製作方式以及防水層之構成等三項。封簷板的構成有其與桷仔之搭接方式、封簷板間之對接方式、翼角起翹之構成等項進行歷時性分析。第三章則針對屋頂土水部分進行探討，屋面土水含括土灰層（苫背）的施作、屋面瓦的鋪設、脊體的構成等。而土灰層的構成分成屋面曲度及土灰之施作方式兩項討論。瓦的施作方式有瓦的鋪設、脊下出瓦的構成、以及磚瓦種類與製作方式三項。脊體的構成則有分為形制的概述、壘脊的作法、屋頂裝飾與構法等議題，於不同時間所產生之差異性。 Roof’s anatomy method is a lot of materials technology to reorganize and consolidate, and it’s also traditional to compose technology with a part of various and complex closely linked. Besides, to make use of diversification mortar, a roof tile, a brick, timber and so on ,by the way, notes taken down an Artisan， how to the capability of component to do the most beautifully described. The materials of manufacture process can follow time’s change become divergence, from materials technology-get the origin, the Artisan’s skill, all of them can to take shape, so in different stage can mirror at that time. Of the community background information difference, so call. “The Internal Part Culture Assets And from this internal part culture assets information ” including workmanship culture assets. Physical and art invisible culture assets, if it can be with effect discussion ,helps architecture develop division of history into periods. This dissertation at first from an inscriptional record and correlation documents so on record, because the Ling-Shan Temple（1792A.D.）moved this address, during more two hundred years to go through over seven times to fix and fix’ property to change residence. Japanese period repair and after the restoration four stage. After change residence is Chian-long 51 years moved to this address can start to build up a scale, Chian-long during building repair times including Dao-guang11 years, Worship Hall, Five-door Sanctuary, a Great to increase and Shian-feng 8 years. Both of the Japanese period build repair are the Ming-zhi and the Taishou. After the restoration is also in Min-kao50 and Min-kao75. Unit Two is research the Long-Shan Temple’s, Great Hall, Worship Hall, Posterior Hall roof’s anatomy. The Long-Shan Temple’s roof anatomy including many materials. The hip rafter between lay and manufacture and water-repellent. Unit Three is to be directed roof’s land add water engineering to discussing, roof boarding including mortar and roof boarding lay, and roof boarding constitute. An unrefined method between roof curved surface and mortar construction two discussion. A roof tile’s construction has roof tile’s to lay and many kinds of roof tile’s fabrication manner. Roof ridge’s construction has between the human body which has a form or shape and roof’s decorate and a component topic for discussion , so in different times process of kind difference.
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