社會工作受督導者知覺督導關係、督導者權力表現與專業服務自主性之相關研究

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Title:	社會工作受督導者知覺督導關係、督導者權力表現與專業服務自主性之相關研究
Other Titles:	A Study on Supervisees among the Correlation of Supervisory Relationship, Supervisor Power Express and Autonomy of Professional Services in Social Work
Authors:	楊秀玲 Yang, Hsiu-Ling
Contributors:	曾華源 Tseng, Hua-Yuan 東海大學社會工作學系
Keywords:	專業服務自主性;權力表現;督導關係;督導者;受督導者 power express;supervisory relationship;supervisor;supervisee;autonomy of professional services
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2011-10-12T17:18:18Z (UTC)
Abstract:	社會工作專業發展愈趨成熟，服務愈趨專精化。在提供社會福利服務過程中，社會工作者常處於多元、複雜及變動性高的工作情境，擁有一定程度的專業知能可達到工作目標完成的基本標準，但對講求專業服務品質、效率、效能的現今社會而言，社會工作者具有獨立思考、判斷和做決定的自主性是必要的。影響社會工作者在專業服務上的自主性表現，有很多因素，其中有許多會因與督導者互動所影響，因此，本研究主要探討社會工作受督導者專業服務自主性議題，其與所知覺之督導關係、督導者權力表現間之相關。本研究邀請目前服務於兒童及少年保護個案家庭處遇服務執行單位之社會工作受督導者為研究對象，採用研究者自行編製問卷進行普查，共計187位，經申請審核同意132位進行問卷填答，佔70.6%，以郵寄發出問卷132份，回收128份，回收率97.0%，有效問卷為124份。研究結果與發現如下：一、家庭處遇社工受督導者男女比約為一比四，年齡平均數約32歲，未婚、無宗教信仰、畢業於社會工作系皆佔六成，兩成具社工師證照，一成為研究所以上學歷，從事社工年資平均高於家處服務年資平均三年。二、受督導者對自身專業服務自主性評價高且正向。受督導者是否曾經擔任督導者在專業服務自主性上有顯著差異存在。三、在督導關係中，受督導者認為與督導者間之「合作」關係最佳。受督導者教育程度的不同、是否曾經擔任督導者在督導關係上有顯著差異存在。四、受督導者認為督導者權力表現以「民主取向」最普遍。受督導者個人背景的不同在對督導者權力表現認知上皆無顯著差異存在。五、受督導者年齡、社會工作年資、總工作年資、督導關係、督導者權力表現與受督導者之專業服務自主性有相關性存在。受督導者年齡越長、從事社會工作年資越久、總工作年資越久與其專業服務自主性呈現正相關；受督導者知覺督導關係中之合作度、情感度與其專業服務自主性間呈現正相關；督導者權力表現傾向民主與受督導者之專業服務自主性呈現正相關。六、受督導者年齡、從事社會工作年資、督導關係、督導者權力表現對受督導者專業服務自主性具預測力，其中以督導關係中之威權度因素解釋力最大。依據上述結?，本研究提出建議如下：一、受督導者定期自我省思、檢視或透過督導、同儕討論方式，瞭解自己在專業服務上的自主性表現狀況，並能在發現缺失後進行改善。二、無論是督導者或受督導者對社會工作專業脈絡下之「權力」、「人際關係」、「自主性」議題探討，需加入華人文化特有的思維方式。三、透過督導實務，督導者和受督導者提昇在面對督導關係及權力議題自在與恐懼的敏銳度，並勇於面對、談論和檢視。四、實務單位可於個案研討會、相關會議中增加對專業服務自主性議題之論辨，並透過督導工作加強受督導者在標準化服務過程中之臨場應變能力，培育具專業自主能力的社會工作者，以助於實務工作進行，持續提昇服務品質。五、實務工作者之繼續教育與各大學院校社會工作及相關系所實習課程中，著重專業知能、專業自主、專業倫理三合一之培訓規劃。 The more mature the development of social work profession is, the more specialized its service becomes. In the process of providing social welfare services, social workers often encounter a work situation that is diverse, complex and highly variable. Certainly, the basic standards of accomplishing work goals can be achieved with a certain degree of professional knowledge and ability. Nonetheless, for the present society that particularly focuses on the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of professional services, it is essential for social workers to possess the ability of independent thinking and judging, and the autonomy to make decisions. There are various factors that influence the performance of the autonomy of professional services, many of which are related to the interactions with the supervisors. Thus, this study mainly explored the issues of the autonomy of professional services of social work supervisees, especially its correlation with the supervisees’ perceived supervisory relationship and the power express of their supervisors. Taking the social work supervisees currently served in the execution units of the family intervention in children and youth protection cases as the research subject, this study adopted the self-made questionnaire to conduct a general survey on 187 participants, and 132 were verified and approved to fill the questionnaire, accounting for 70.6%. Thus, a total of 132 questionnaires were distributed by mailing and 128 were collected, among which 124 were valid questionnaires with a recall rate of 97.0%. The research results and findings are listed as follows:(1)Among the social work supervisees of family intervention, 20% were male and 80% were female, while 60% were unmarried, graduated from the Department of Social Work at university, with no religious beliefs, and with an average age of 32 years old, 20% had a social worker license, 10% had a graduate degree or above, and all of them were with an average seniority of three years in engaging in social work longer than engaging in family intervention services.(2)The self-evaluation of the supervisees on their autonomy of professional services was high and positive. There was significant difference in the autonomy of professional services between the supervisees that had served as a supervisor and had not.(3)As for the supervisory relationship, the supervisees believed that the cooperative relationship between them and the supervisors was the best one. There was significant difference in the supervisory relationship between different levels of education of the supervisees, as well as between the supervisees that had served as a supervisor and had not.(4)As for the power express of the supervisors, the supervisees believed that the “democratic orientation” was the most common one. There was no significant difference in the perceived power express of the supervisors between different personal backgrounds of the supervisees.(5)There was correlation between the autonomy of professional services of the supervisees and their age, seniority in engaging in social work, total working years, supervisory relationship, and the power express of their supervisors. The supervisees with an older age, longer seniority in engaging in social work, and longer seniority of total working years showed positive correlation with their autonomy of professional services. Also, there was correlation between the autonomy of professional services of the supervisees and the cooperation level and the emotional level in their perceived supervisory relationship. Furthermore, there was also correlation between the autonomy of professional services of the supervisees and the democratically oriented power express of their supervisors.(6)The supervisees’ age, seniority in engaging in social work, total working years, supervisory relationship, and the power express of their supervisors all had predictive power for their autonomy of professional services, among which the factor of authority level in the supervisory relationship had the largest explanatory power.According to the research results, this study suggests the following recommendations:(1)Supervisees should regularly practice self-reflection and self-review or discuss with their supervisors and peers in order to understand their autonomy status of professional services and then improve their discovered weakness.(2)No matter for supervisors or supervisees, the exploration of the issues of the “power”, “interpersonal relationship” and “autonomy” in the context of social work profession should add the specific Chinese way of thinking.(3)Through the supervisory practices, both supervisors and supervisees can enhance their sensitivity to the comfortable level and to fear while dealing with the issues of supervisory relationship and power, as well as their courage to face, talk about and review those issues.(4)The practice and execution units can add some discussion of the issues of the autonomy of professional services in case seminars and relevant conferences, enhance supervisees’ ability to respond to and cope with the crisis in the process of providing standardized services through the supervision, and cultivate social workers with professional autonomy ability to help the progress of the practical work and to continually improve service quality.(5)The further education of the practitioners and the training courses in the Department of Social Work and other related departments at every university and college should focus on the three-in-one training plan of professional knowledge, professional autonomy and professional ethics.
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