高齡者在鄰里公園群集形成之戶外社交空間研究

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题名:	高齡者在鄰里公園群集形成之戶外社交空間研究
其它题名:	A Study on Outdoor Social Space that Formed by the Flocking Elderly in Neighborhood Parks
作者:	楊雪屏 Yang,Hsueh-Pin
贡献者:	李俐慧 Lee,Li-Hui 工業設計學系
关键词:	空間規劃;群集現象;高齡者社交;鄰里公園;在地老化;設施設計 Phenomenon of flocking in neighborhood park;Social behavior of elderly;Neighborhood Park;Aging in place;Spatial planning;Facilities planning
日期:	2013
上传时间:	2014-02-19T07:16:29Z (UTC)
摘要:	台灣人口結構已正式進入高齡化社會，政府為因應高齡者在老化階段所面臨的照護與居住問題，近年來積極投入人力與經費於社區照護體系，企圖建構強而有力的社區安養資源。台灣多數的高齡者在傳統文化的傳承下，「落葉歸根」的觀念深植其心，顯示出高齡者對居住地的重視，及對周遭親友們的情感聯繫的牽掛，也使得台灣適合發展「在地老化」的居住概念。世界衛生組織（WHO）提倡活躍老化的觀念，認為高齡者在社會上保持一定的活躍程度，將有利於延緩老化衍生的社會問題，並減輕國家資源的投入，亦可使高齡者提升自我價值，降低老化帶來的身心不適。而據內政部統計，高齡者每日與朋友聚會聊天占22.75%的日常生活比例；在初步田野調查後發現，「鄰里公園」能支應齡者產生友情，並衍生許多活動樣態的空間。本研究為探討適合高齡者建立互助網絡的鄰里公園，應具備的設計條件與方針，以台中市西屯區的世貿公園、福中里綠地及世斌公園共三座鄰里公園為研究場域，運用非參與式觀察法，歸納高齡者在群集社交時，所產生個人及群體的行為樣態，並藉由互動過程與運用的時間，統計出高齡者的行為特徵。為避免結果囿於一隅，故挑選福中里綠地進行焦點團體訪談，納入高齡者對場域空間的實際想法，以深入瞭解高齡者的需求。藉由研究歸納出以下支應高齡者使用鄰里公園的要點：1.群集的獨特性：不同群集的高齡者有群體習慣的聚集時間、使用環境特性與習慣、及群體向心性，各群集的特性將影響對環境的需求，在相關設計上應注重各別群集的特性。2.社交空間之需求：女性高齡者使用的空間大於男性高齡者，而停留的時間長短也將影響空間大小的需求；倘若環境提供支應的條件不足，高齡者為調節至最舒適的狀態，會使其增加行為樣態；而生理條件會影響高齡者對場域的挑選，友誼穩固更有助於發展成群集。高齡者能時常參與群集，進而變成日常生活中的一部份，將延長停留於公園的時間。3.鄰里公園設計要件：座位的設計與空間大小應具備適當的彈性，空間也須注意到邊緣參與者的包容性，而足夠的遮蔽的環境可提高舒適性，延長高齡者的停留時間。 The demographic structure of Taiwan has been an ageing society. Recently, the government put big resources into the elderly care and housing problems on purpose to build a stronger community in Long-Time Care System on Aged Society. “The fallen leaves return to the roots” is Taiwanese tradition, it showing elderly treasured residence, relatives and friends. In this concept, Taiwan is suitable for develop of aging in place. WHO promote active aging concept that elderly people in the community to keep active will help slow down the social problems of aging, and reduce investment of national’s resources. Not only enable the elderly to increase self-worth but also reduce aging brings physical and mental discomfort. In Taiwan, 22.75% of elderly consider “to meet with friends and chat ” the most import social activity （Summary of Survey Results and analysis of circumstances of the elderly, Department of social Affairs, 2009）. After the fundamental field investigation, found the public space of “Neighborhoods Park” afford elderly to development friendship and recreational activity. This study investigated a suitable network of aging in place of Neighborhoods Park that should have design conditions and rules, to use non-participant observation of three parks: Shimo Park, Fuzhong Village and Shibin Park. Understanding elderly in the social behavior of individuals and groups gathered in neighborhood parks, through the interactive each other and time statistics, summarized the behavioral characteristics of the elderly. To avoid results too subjective, choose elderly in Fuzhong Village to carry out a Focus Group Interview that to know the suggestions and requires.The following result affords social activity by flocking elderly in Neighborhood parks.1.The unique of flock: Flocking elderly in neighborhood parks have their own characteristics in different group, such as favorite span, using characteristics and habits, group centripetal force. It should pay attention of different characteristics that decide they require of neighborhood parks.2. They require of social space: Women of elderly needs space more than man, and then length of stay decide how much occupied space. If conditions afford not enough, elderly adjusted posture to the most comfortable state that will increases behaviors. Elderly pick up Neighborhood Park depend on physiological conditions, and stable friendship good for form group. Flocking become a part of life can extends stay in park. 3. Design for Neighborhood Park: Seat and space must be dimensional elasticity. The spatial carrying capacity should be covering Edge of the participants. Adequate shelter conditions more comfortable and increase retention period.
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