為了迎合全球化的時代，各企業間除了彼此相互競爭之外，更應該以相互合作的形式共創價值，資訊分享能在瞬息萬變的市場需求中，降低存貨成本，提升企業的競爭力。過去研究為了簡化分析經常考量二階供應鏈，但現實社會中是存在著三階或以上的供應鏈。本研究藉由數學模式推導，提出四階層供應鏈分析模式，並驗證各階層資訊分享的價值。 本研究假設市場需求為AR(1)模式(如同許多文獻的假設)並考量前置時間，首先推導出各階層之長鞭效應；接下來，藉由分析各階層之存貨，本研究驗證各階層在資訊分享之效益。 本研究之結果顯示：對供應商和原料商來說，長鞭效應依然存在，存貨變異的程度隨著相關係數ρ之增加和需求標準差 (波動) σ之升高而快速增加。各廠商間之前置時間有著交互作用影響著存貨。資訊分享對供應商和原料商帶來更明顯的幫助。在市場不穩定及下游廠商過於信賴市場需求的情況下，資訊分享甚至能幫助原料商達到減少35%存貨。 In order to fit globalization, many enterprises should be changed from competition to collaboration. Because market demand changes quickly and dynamically, information sharing can help enterprises to reduce inventory costs and enhance their competitiveness and value. In the literature, many scholars mainly considered a two-level supply chain to simplify the analysis, but there are usually three levels or more in a real-world supply chain. By mathematical derivation, this study proposes the analytic model to analyze the four-level supply chain and verifies the value of information sharing for each tier enterprise of the supply chain. This study assumes that the market demand follows AR (1) model which was also used in many studies of the literature and consider the lead time of each tier. At first, the bullwhip effect of each tier is verified in a four-level supply chain; next, by analyzing total inventory of each tier, the benefit of information sharing for each tier is also quantified. The results of this study show that the bullwhip effect still exists in the supplier and the raw material supplier. Inventory variation raises rapidly as self-correlation coefficients ρ increases and standard deviation (volatility) σ increases. The effects of lead time on inventory among enterprise interact with one another. Information sharing brings much more significant help for the supplier and for the raw material supplier. Under the condition of the volatile market and the condition that the downstream manufacturer heavily relys on market demand, the raw material supplier can reduce 35% of inventory by information sharing.
